THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FERTILIZER SYSTEMS ON THE QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN (IN THE CONDITIONS OF KASHKADARYA REGION THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN)

Abstract

In recent years, wheat has been grown on 221 million hectares of land around the world, and the total yield is 769 million tons as a result of modern intensive technologies. Foliar feeding of wheat with various components of macro- and microelements, along with the saving of basic mineral fertilizers applied to the soil, increases the efficiency of their assimilation by the plant, increases yield and improves grain quality. In our experiment, we studied the effect of the timing and rates of foliar application of winter soft wheat on the technological quality of the plant. Although the highest indicator was observed when there was a high agrophone and top dressing in each phase of the growing season, it was found that the optimal level can be achieved for all of the above indicators with a single top dressing of leaves before the appearance of flag leaves, with a 2-fold decrease in mineral fertilizers. The practical results of the work are that in conditions of light gray soils when fertilizing for winter wheat in the amount of 50 % (NPK 90:45:30 kg/ha) of the amount of traditional norms (NPK 180:90:60 kg/ha), as well as when using liquid suspension preparations enriched with macro- and microelements of various components, the effect of saving mineral fertilizers, increasing the yield and quality of grain was determined. Feeding winter wheat with suspensions of various components during the autumn tillering phase, during the formation of the flag leaf and after heading had a positive effect on the natural grain weight (42,9; 43,7; 36,8 g/l) and the amount of protein in the grain (1,2; 1,2; 1,1 %) in comparison with the control.