Сomparative energy efficiency of soil management of Cherkasy region in different periods of management

Abstract

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of energy efficiency of agriculture in the period of developed animal husbandry when applying manure as an organic fertilizer (1956−1995) and its coagulation (1996−2020) and the use of by-products in the agro-industrial complex of Cherkasy region. Methods. Analytical, statistical, mathematical. Results. During the period from 1956 to 2020 there was a significant transformation of the structure of sown areas in the agro-industrial complex of Cherkasy region due to the reduction of spring crops, fodder crops and growth of corn, sunflower, soybeans, which significantly affected the yield of main and by-products and changed their ratio. which, in the end, leaned in favor of the yield of by-products with the growth of the components that determine the ratio. The change in the structure of sown areas significantly affected the energy intensity of the main and by-products: in the period from 1956 to 1975, the main products accounted for 43% of energy consumption, and by-products – 35%; in the period 1976–1990 48% and 35%; in the period 2011−2020 36% and 54% respectively. Energy profitability for the growth of productivity and gross output of basic products in the period from 1996 to 2020 decreased 4.2 times compared to the period from 1956 to 1995, and relative to the total biomass formed by 1.25 times; energy consumption of production increased 4.9 times, and energy efficiency decreased 3.9 times. At the same time Kee decreased by 2.8–3.9 times, reaching the lower limit of efficiency (Kee = 2.5–2.6). Conclusions. It was found that the highest energy efficiency of agriculture was in the period from 1996 to 2000, when the highest level of energy efficiency was achieved (Kee = 4.66): at the same time high efficiency of crop production was ensured with simultaneous use of manure and by-products as organic fertilizer. . During this period, the optimal number of cattle was reached, when the number of cattle was about 600 thousand, against 1022 thousand heads in the period 1985−1990, which is 1.7 times less.