A Rare Uterine Cancer: Epithelioid Leiomyosarcoma

Abstract

A uterine epithelioid leiomyosarcoma is a type of uterine mesenchymal tumour that arises from the smooth muscle lining the walls of the uterus. The specific cause of leiomyosarcoma is uncertain, with uterine leiomyosarcoma accounting for 5 to 10% of cases. The most prevalent subtype of uterine sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, accounts for 1-2 percent of all uterine malignancies. Recent application of molecular techniques has identified numerous lesions with distinctive genetic abnormalities and clinicopathological characteristics. Menopausal women who are not on hormonal replacement medication and have tumour development should be suspected of malignancy. A 64-year-old woman had reached menopause 16 years prior and had been experiencing postmenopausal haemorrhage for the past two months, with a palpable mass measuring 16 weeks in size. The whorled mass lesions, endometrium, and myometrium could not be seen separately on ultrasonography. Uterus with both ovaries removed. Intraoperative investigations revealed a 16-week-old uterine mass with a diameter of 15x15 cm and a weight of 1kg, as well as an intramural fibroid. On cut section, necrotic and haemorrhagic regions with degenerative alterations suggest cancer. Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma was discovered using histopathology and immunohistochemistry.