Liminal Warfare

David J. Kilcullen
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Abstract

This chapter discusses Russian evolution and adaptation since the Cold War, surveys the post-Soviet military evolution of Russian forces, offers case studies of the Norwegian-Russian border and the Russo-Georgian War of 2008, introduces and analyzes the concept of liminal warfare as practiced by Russia, and discusses the “Gerasimov doctrine,”, reflexive control, and Russian political warfare methods, including those allegedly used during the 2016 US presidential election. It argues that, in recovering from its post-Cold War eclipse of the 1990s, the Russian Federation engaged in a process of adaptation under pressure, developing significantly more capable conventional and nuclear forces (especially after the Five-Day War of 2008 in Georgia) but also evolving a form of warfare, liminal maneuver, designed to offset US conventional dominance.
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阈限的战争
本章讨论了自冷战以来俄罗斯的演变和适应,调查了俄罗斯军队的后苏联军事演变,提供了挪威-俄罗斯边境和2008年俄罗斯-格鲁吉亚战争的案例研究,介绍和分析了俄罗斯实践的阈限战争的概念,并讨论了“格拉西莫夫主义”,反射性控制和俄罗斯的政治战争方法,包括据称在2016年美国总统大选期间使用的方法。它认为,在从上世纪90年代冷战后的衰退中恢复过来的过程中,俄罗斯联邦在压力下进行了适应过程,发展了更强大的常规和核力量(特别是在2008年格鲁吉亚五天战争之后),但也发展了一种战争形式,即有限机动,旨在抵消美国的常规优势。
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Conceptual Envelopment Note on Terminology Liminal Warfare Adaptive Enemies
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