Ethanol Lock for Prevention of CVC-Related Bloodstream Infection in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Ethanol lock therapy (ELT) can be used in patients with an indwelling central line to assist in the prevention of central venous catheter (CVC)–associated infections. However, its efficacy has not been consistently demonstrated in the pediatric population. The primary objective of this review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy and safety of ELT in prevention of central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in the pediatric population. A search was conducted with the PubMed, CINAHL, PSCYInfo, Cochrane Library, and Academic Search Premier databases from inception through January 21, 2022. Studies were included if they reported incidence of CVC-related infections with ELT in pediatric patients. Meta-analyses used random-effects models according to the heterogeneity of all included studies. Of 736 studies, 25 met inclusion criteria for review and 10 for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis with pre- and post-ELT treatment showed that use of ELT significantly decreased mean CVC-related infections when compared with pre-treatment with no ELT with a mean difference of −5.79 (95% CI, −9.08 to −2.51; p < 0.001). The number of CVC infections also significantly decreased (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23–0.75; p = 0.004). Increased risk of thrombosis and increased frequency of catheter breakage, repair, and replacement were noted in several studies. Ethanol lock therapy is effective in preventing infection related to central venous catheter use in pediatric patients. Further study is warranted to determine the optimal protocol for, and incidence of, adverse events related to use of ELT.