Doxastic Justification and Testimonial Beliefs

IF 1.3 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Episteme-A Journal of Individual and Social Epistemology Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI:10.1017/epi.2023.49
Emmanuel Smith
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Abstract

Abstract I argue that a general feature of human psychology provides strong reason to modify or reject anti-reductionism about the epistemology of testimony. Because of the work of what I call “the background” (which is a collection of all of an individual's synthetizations, summarizations, memories of experiences, beliefs, etc.) we cannot help but form testimonial beliefs on the basis of a testifier's say so along with additional evidence, concepts, beliefs, and so on. Given that we arrive at testimonial beliefs through the work of the background, to be justified in holding a testimonial belief, we must not only have a rational speaker's say so, but we must also form such beliefs in a right way. If this is right, then, contrary to typical anti-reductionism, justified testimonial beliefs require more than just a trustworthy testifier's say so – another requirement is that they are formed in a right way.
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武断的辩护和证言信仰
摘要本文认为,人类心理的一个普遍特征为修改或拒绝反还原论的证言认识论提供了强有力的理由。由于我称之为“背景”的工作(它是一个人对所有经历的综合、总结、记忆、信念等的集合),我们不得不在证人的证词以及其他证据、概念、信念等的基础上形成证词信念。考虑到我们通过背景的工作得出了证言性信念,为了证明持有证言性信念是合理的,我们不仅必须有一个理性的演讲者这样说,而且我们还必须以正确的方式形成这样的信念。如果这是正确的,那么,与典型的反还原论相反,正当的证词信仰需要的不仅仅是一个值得信赖的证人的说法——另一个要求是它们是以正确的方式形成的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
11.80%
发文量
48
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