Japanese Buddhist War Support and the <em>Kanchō</em> System

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 0 RELIGION JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI:10.18874/jjrs.50.1.2023.49-77
Jeff Schroeder
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Abstract

When Jōdo Shin Buddhist leaders gathered for a conference in early 1941 to formulate their sect’s wartime response, they did so at the bidding of their sect’s kanchō, or administrative head. To explain organizational dynamics that contributed to patterns of war support by Japanese Buddhists, this article details the state’s imposition of a kanchō system of governance on Buddhist organizations from 1884 to 1945. While Buddhist organizations had leeway in determining the selection process, term length, and specific powers of their kanchō, in all cases extraordinary authority was concentrated in a single individual. This article details how the kanchō system was implemented in major Zen, Jōdo Shin, Jōdo, Shingon, Nichiren, and Tendai organizations; examines the pro-war activities of kanchō prior to and during the Fifteen Years’ War period (1931–1945); and uses the case of the 1941 Shin Doctrinal Studies Conference to illustrate how the autocratic kanchō organizational structure amplified a sect’s most pro-war voices.
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日本佛教对战争的支持<em>Kanchō</em>系统
1941年初,当Jōdo信教领袖们聚集在一起召开会议,制定他们教派的战时对策时,他们是在他们教派的行政首长<em>kanchō</em>的命令下这样做的。为了解释导致日本佛教徒支持战争模式的组织动力学,本文详细介绍了国家强加的<em>kanchō</em>1884年至1945年对佛教组织的治理制度。虽然佛教组织在决定选择过程、任期长短和具体权力方面有一定的余地,但在所有情况下,非凡的权力都集中在一个人身上。本文详细介绍了<em>kanchō</em>在主要的禅宗、Jōdo Shin、Jōdo、信教、日连、天台组织实施了该制度;审查<em>kanchō</em>在十五年战争之前和期间(1931-1945);并以1941年的Shin教义研究会议为例,说明了专制的政府如何<em>kanchō</em>组织结构放大了一个教派最支持战争的声音。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Japanese Journal of Religious Studies is a peer-reviewed journal registered as an Open Access Journal with all content freely downloadable. The journal began in 1960 as Contemporary Religions in Japan, which was changed to the JJRS in 1974. It has been published by the Nanzan Institute since 1981. The JJRS aims for a multidisciplinary approach to the study of religion in Japan, and submissions are welcomed from scholars in all fields of the humanities and social sciences. To submit a manuscript or inquiry about publishing in our journal, please contact us at the address below.
期刊最新文献
Review of: Timothy O. Benedict, <em>Spiritual Ends: Religion and the Heart of Dying in Japan</em> On the Verge of Damnation and Buddhahood: Motherhood, Female Corporeality, and Koan Exegesis Japanese Buddhist War Support and the <em>Kanchō</em> System Opening the Curtains on Popular Practice: <em>Kaichō</em> in the Meiji and Taisho Periods Review of: Paul Groner, <em>Precepts, Ordinations, and Practice in Medieval Japanese Tendai</em>
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