Implementation of Occupational Safety Principles in the Underground Mining of Complex Structure Ore Deposits

Abstract

Most of the metal ores are mined from the rock deposits by technologies with natural control of the state of rock massifs. Rationalization of the methods for controlling the state of an ore-bearing massif, considering their geomechanics, is becoming a priority direction for improving technologies for the development of complex structure ore deposits. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of managing the state of massifs based on the combination of filling mixtures in the conditions of the Sadon ore belt deposit. The complex of studies includes the engineering division of the massif with the allocation of engineering structural sections. By modeling on equivalent materials, a mechanism for the development of stresses in the vicinity of a working was established. It is determined that the studied massif is discrete with a gravitational-tectonic-structural stress field. Based on the experimental data, a model of the intensity of the ore-bearing massif is built on the basis of the hypothesis of wedging of the rocks of the bearing layer. The role of expansion stresses and backfill strength in the input of the massif into the volumetric compression mode is determined. A stress control technique is proposed by dividing the massif into geomechanically safe areas. It was proven that backfilling systems ensure the recovery of reserves, improve the quality of ores and preserve the earth surface, protecting the region from the negative impact of mining. The complexity of exploitation of ore-bearing massifs determines the need to monitor the geomechanics of ore-bearing rocks. The combination of technologies is a real step in improving mining production, as it allows to reduce ore dilution, increase labor productivity, and also improve the safety conditions of workers by increasing the reliability of technology parameters.