The urgency of the problem is determined by the fact that in conditions of intensive mining and other technogenic factors, an induced component arises that has a significant impact on the overall seismicity of the region. The scientific analysis of the published works, both domestic and foreign, shows that the issues related to the occurrence of induced seismicity in the development of mineral deposits (including solid ones) are actively discussed, many studies are devoted to the causes of its occurrence, but there is no information in the open press about research in the field of induced seismicity management. Patent analysis also shows the absence of technical solutions related to the management of induced seismicity in the development of solid mineral deposits. The novelty of the method of controlling induced seismicity in the development of solid mineral deposits using drilling and blasting technologies lies in the fact that seismic events are recorded in the corresponding territory and their main characteristics are determined. Moreover, at the first stage, seismically active areas of the territory are identified, at the second stage, the total released seismic energy of seismic events in the contoured areas of the territory is determined, and at the third stage, the actual values of the density of the released seismic energy are compared with its threshold value for each contoured area of the territory. Depending on the result of the comparison, control information is not formed or formed, and the latter is presented in the form of recommendations for reducing the frequency and power of explosions, the number of explosive deposits, reducing the deceleration of explosions during the extraction of solid mineral deposits, as well as the volume of charges laid at the same time. The eastern part of the Orenburg Region, which is characterized by a large number of solid mineral deposits, was selected for implementation. These deposits are being actively developed by the mining campaigns.
{"title":"Increasing Geodynamic Safety by Managing Induced Seismicity During the Development of Solid Mineral Deposits","authors":"Yu.R. Vladov, M.Yu. Nesterenko, A.Yu. Vladova, V.S. Belov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-45-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-45-51","url":null,"abstract":"The urgency of the problem is determined by the fact that in conditions of intensive mining and other technogenic factors, an induced component arises that has a significant impact on the overall seismicity of the region. The scientific analysis of the published works, both domestic and foreign, shows that the issues related to the occurrence of induced seismicity in the development of mineral deposits (including solid ones) are actively discussed, many studies are devoted to the causes of its occurrence, but there is no information in the open press about research in the field of induced seismicity management. Patent analysis also shows the absence of technical solutions related to the management of induced seismicity in the development of solid mineral deposits. The novelty of the method of controlling induced seismicity in the development of solid mineral deposits using drilling and blasting technologies lies in the fact that seismic events are recorded in the corresponding territory and their main characteristics are determined. Moreover, at the first stage, seismically active areas of the territory are identified, at the second stage, the total released seismic energy of seismic events in the contoured areas of the territory is determined, and at the third stage, the actual values of the density of the released seismic energy are compared with its threshold value for each contoured area of the territory. Depending on the result of the comparison, control information is not formed or formed, and the latter is presented in the form of recommendations for reducing the frequency and power of explosions, the number of explosive deposits, reducing the deceleration of explosions during the extraction of solid mineral deposits, as well as the volume of charges laid at the same time. The eastern part of the Orenburg Region, which is characterized by a large number of solid mineral deposits, was selected for implementation. These deposits are being actively developed by the mining campaigns.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the work is to analyze the statistical information about fires to establish the dependence of the number of fires in the industrial and warehouse buildings on the frequency of scheduled inspections and, on this basis, to develop a methodology for justifying the optimal frequency of scheduled inspections of their fire safety status by the federal state fire supervision authorities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. For the first time, the mathematical models were obtained to determine the number of fires at industrial and warehouse protection facilities depending on the time elapsed since the last inspection, as well as to determine the number of fires at these protection facilities depending on the frequency of their scheduled inspections. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time, on a scientific basis, an original method for substantiating the optimal frequency of scheduled fire safety inspections of industrial and warehouse protection facilities was developed and tested. The data obtained allows to substantiate on a scientific basis: the optimal frequency of scheduled inspections of the fire safety condition of industrial and warehouse buildings; the belonging of these objects of protection to the appropriate risk category, depending on the required frequency of their scheduled inspection; the required number of personnel of the federal state fire supervision bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for timely and high-quality inspection of the supervised protection objects. The results of the work also make it possible to justify the need to amend the Regulations on the Federal State Fire Supervision, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 2012, № 290, in terms of establishing an alternative method to the Federal Law dated July 31, 2020, № 248-FZ for justifying the frequency of scheduled control (supervision) activities in relation to the objects of control and their assignment to the appropriate risk category.
{"title":"Analytical Methodology for Substantiating the Optimal Frequency of Scheduled Inspections of the Fire-fighting Condition of Industrial and Warehouse Buildings","authors":"A.V. Matyushin, A.A. Kondashov, Yu.A. Matyushin, V.I. Sibirko","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-32-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-32-38","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to analyze the statistical information about fires to establish the dependence of the number of fires in the industrial and warehouse buildings on the frequency of scheduled inspections and, on this basis, to develop a methodology for justifying the optimal frequency of scheduled inspections of their fire safety status by the federal state fire supervision authorities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. For the first time, the mathematical models were obtained to determine the number of fires at industrial and warehouse protection facilities depending on the time elapsed since the last inspection, as well as to determine the number of fires at these protection facilities depending on the frequency of their scheduled inspections. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time, on a scientific basis, an original method for substantiating the optimal frequency of scheduled fire safety inspections of industrial and warehouse protection facilities was developed and tested. The data obtained allows to substantiate on a scientific basis: the optimal frequency of scheduled inspections of the fire safety condition of industrial and warehouse buildings; the belonging of these objects of protection to the appropriate risk category, depending on the required frequency of their scheduled inspection; the required number of personnel of the federal state fire supervision bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for timely and high-quality inspection of the supervised protection objects. The results of the work also make it possible to justify the need to amend the Regulations on the Federal State Fire Supervision, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 2012, № 290, in terms of establishing an alternative method to the Federal Law dated July 31, 2020, № 248-FZ for justifying the frequency of scheduled control (supervision) activities in relation to the objects of control and their assignment to the appropriate risk category.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the solutions to the problem of risk management associated with the actions of personnel of coal mining enterprises during the performance of production functions is considered — targeted development of risk-oriented thinking with the operating personnel aimed at formation of the behavior consistent with hazardous working conditions. To master risk-oriented thinking, 97 analytical and modeling seminars were held with the participation of 1884 employees of JSC «SUEK-Kuzbass». The purpose and objectives of these seminars are presented, the experience of conducting them is analyzed, and the opinions of their participants on the results obtained are given. The authors pay special attention to the methods used in conducting the seminars, the form of their conduct and content. According to the authors opinion, the main difference between these seminars and traditional ones in the methodological aspect is the use, along with the well-known techniques and methods (the «Swiss cheese» model of the cause-and-effect relationships by D. Reason, the DuPont incident pyramid or the pyramid of G.W. Heinrich (Henrich) and etc.), the author methodology «I know. I recognize. I warn». The result of the seminars was the fact that the operating personnel of the company enterprises is massively involved in the process of identifying hazardous production situations in the workplaces, identifying key factors that need to be eliminated, as well as finding simple algorithms for their own behavior that is adequate to the hazards. The main conclusion of the authors is that carried out work proved the efficiency of the formation and development of the risk-oriented thinking among the personnel of the coal mining enterprises directly engaged in the production process. The implementation of this approach, along with the traditional ways to increase the protection of personnel with technical, technological and organizational measures, will allow to reduce the manifestations of irrational behavior of the personnel regarding occupational safety and increase the effectiveness of injury risk management.
{"title":"Formation of Risk-oriented Thinking among the Personnel of Coal Mining Enterprises","authors":"S.V. Dikiy, O.V. Krichigin, I.L. Kravchuk, A.V. Galkin, A.V. Smolin","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-81-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-81-88","url":null,"abstract":"One of the solutions to the problem of risk management associated with the actions of personnel of coal mining enterprises during the performance of production functions is considered — targeted development of risk-oriented thinking with the operating personnel aimed at formation of the behavior consistent with hazardous working conditions. To master risk-oriented thinking, 97 analytical and modeling seminars were held with the participation of 1884 employees of JSC «SUEK-Kuzbass». The purpose and objectives of these seminars are presented, the experience of conducting them is analyzed, and the opinions of their participants on the results obtained are given. The authors pay special attention to the methods used in conducting the seminars, the form of their conduct and content. According to the authors opinion, the main difference between these seminars and traditional ones in the methodological aspect is the use, along with the well-known techniques and methods (the «Swiss cheese» model of the cause-and-effect relationships by D. Reason, the DuPont incident pyramid or the pyramid of G.W. Heinrich (Henrich) and etc.), the author methodology «I know. I recognize. I warn». The result of the seminars was the fact that the operating personnel of the company enterprises is massively involved in the process of identifying hazardous production situations in the workplaces, identifying key factors that need to be eliminated, as well as finding simple algorithms for their own behavior that is adequate to the hazards. The main conclusion of the authors is that carried out work proved the efficiency of the formation and development of the risk-oriented thinking among the personnel of the coal mining enterprises directly engaged in the production process. The implementation of this approach, along with the traditional ways to increase the protection of personnel with technical, technological and organizational measures, will allow to reduce the manifestations of irrational behavior of the personnel regarding occupational safety and increase the effectiveness of injury risk management.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-52-58
Yu.A. Sychev, A.N. Nazarychev, G.V. Dyachenok
The results are presented concerning the analysis of statistical data on failures of the functional units of traction electric drives of the mining dump trucks. It is established that the costs of failure recovery in the synchronous generator are higher than in a control cabinet and an asynchronous traction motor, and one of the causes of defects in the bearing assembly of the generator is the effect of self-supporting axial shock vibrations. And in addition to the effect of vibrations on the reliability of the synchronous generator, they are also the cause of the development of professional noise-vibration pathology, which in turn leads to a decrease in the efficiency of drivers of the dump trucks and to the adverse consequences on their body. It is revealed that such an impact on the generator is due to the fact that when moving, the dump truck overcomes large differences and slopes, which contributes to the appearance of electric drive trim levels. To determine the causes of axial shock vibrations, full-scale tests were carried out on 2 mining dump trucks during their operation at a coal mine in the Kemerovo region, it was revealed that the maximum vibration amplitudes are achieved in the range of 100–400 Hz at 1900 rpm and at a rated electrical load, and the overall vibration level across the spectrum was 18 m/s2. It is established that to solve the problem it is required to follow the following recommendations: obtain a shock mode on the isolated generator at the plant stand, record the conditions of its occurrence and the stability limits; block the axial movement of the bearing by installing radial or axial spacers, make sure that the shock mode does not occur; carry out periodic monitoring to measure vibrations in the functional units of the traction electric drive during operation. The presented recommendations will allow to increase the trouble-free operation time of the traction electric drive and improve the safety of mining dump truck drivers.
{"title":"Improving the Labor Safety of Mining Dump Truck Drivers by Reducing the Risk of Failure of the Functional Units of the Traction Electric Drive under Operating Conditions","authors":"Yu.A. Sychev, A.N. Nazarychev, G.V. Dyachenok","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-52-58","url":null,"abstract":"The results are presented concerning the analysis of statistical data on failures of the functional units of traction electric drives of the mining dump trucks. It is established that the costs of failure recovery in the synchronous generator are higher than in a control cabinet and an asynchronous traction motor, and one of the causes of defects in the bearing assembly of the generator is the effect of self-supporting axial shock vibrations. And in addition to the effect of vibrations on the reliability of the synchronous generator, they are also the cause of the development of professional noise-vibration pathology, which in turn leads to a decrease in the efficiency of drivers of the dump trucks and to the adverse consequences on their body. It is revealed that such an impact on the generator is due to the fact that when moving, the dump truck overcomes large differences and slopes, which contributes to the appearance of electric drive trim levels. To determine the causes of axial shock vibrations, full-scale tests were carried out on 2 mining dump trucks during their operation at a coal mine in the Kemerovo region, it was revealed that the maximum vibration amplitudes are achieved in the range of 100–400 Hz at 1900 rpm and at a rated electrical load, and the overall vibration level across the spectrum was 18 m/s2. It is established that to solve the problem it is required to follow the following recommendations: obtain a shock mode on the isolated generator at the plant stand, record the conditions of its occurrence and the stability limits; block the axial movement of the bearing by installing radial or axial spacers, make sure that the shock mode does not occur; carry out periodic monitoring to measure vibrations in the functional units of the traction electric drive during operation. The presented recommendations will allow to increase the trouble-free operation time of the traction electric drive and improve the safety of mining dump truck drivers.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-18-31
I.I. Vedyakov, V.K. Vostrov
In the work of Kurbatsky E.N., Mondrus V.L. «Dynamic Coefficients or Response Spectra of Structures to Earthquake?» with the reference to the norms of the technically developed countries, as well as to the monographs of the famous foreign scientists, an erroneous statement was put forward that during earthquakes the ground parts of structures are not subject to the influence of any external forces, and that the internal stresses and deformations in the elements of structures are created exclusively due to dynamic reactions to movement of their bases. It does not state that the cancellation of the action of gravity is associated with the inadequacy (incompleteness) of the mathematical models of the interaction of foundations and structures, but argues that if the force of gravity is clearly absent in the vibration equations, then it does not act on the structure. This incompleteness of ideas is present in the equation of horizontal vibrations in translated and domestic works, but in them, unlike the reviewed works, it is not stated that during earthquakes the ground parts of structures are not subject to the influence of any external forces. The main reasons for the incompleteness (inadequacy) of the mathematical models of foundations and structures and their interaction was identified, which are that the center of gravity of the structure is located at the level of the base, and also that when deriving the equations for horizontal and vertical vibrations of the structure, the incomplete (selective) deformability of the base is used. But the selective deformability of the base when deriving the classical equations of horizontal and vertical vibrations does not allow rocking vibrations of the structure to occur under only horizontal or only vertical seismic influences, and this is a significant drawback of the mathematical modeling of the vibration processes of structures on a completely deformable base. To eliminate this shortcoming, the work presents differential equations for translational and rocking plane-parallel vibrations of a rigid structure on a completely yielding foundation, including the effects of gravity. From them, in particular, it follows that as the height of the center of gravity tends to zero, these equations turn into classical linear equations of oscillations in the horizontal and vertical directions.
{"title":"Critique and Improvement of the Regulatory Framework on the Calculation of Structures for Seismic Impacts","authors":"I.I. Vedyakov, V.K. Vostrov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-18-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-18-31","url":null,"abstract":"In the work of Kurbatsky E.N., Mondrus V.L. «Dynamic Coefficients or Response Spectra of Structures to Earthquake?» with the reference to the norms of the technically developed countries, as well as to the monographs of the famous foreign scientists, an erroneous statement was put forward that during earthquakes the ground parts of structures are not subject to the influence of any external forces, and that the internal stresses and deformations in the elements of structures are created exclusively due to dynamic reactions to movement of their bases. It does not state that the cancellation of the action of gravity is associated with the inadequacy (incompleteness) of the mathematical models of the interaction of foundations and structures, but argues that if the force of gravity is clearly absent in the vibration equations, then it does not act on the structure. This incompleteness of ideas is present in the equation of horizontal vibrations in translated and domestic works, but in them, unlike the reviewed works, it is not stated that during earthquakes the ground parts of structures are not subject to the influence of any external forces. The main reasons for the incompleteness (inadequacy) of the mathematical models of foundations and structures and their interaction was identified, which are that the center of gravity of the structure is located at the level of the base, and also that when deriving the equations for horizontal and vertical vibrations of the structure, the incomplete (selective) deformability of the base is used. But the selective deformability of the base when deriving the classical equations of horizontal and vertical vibrations does not allow rocking vibrations of the structure to occur under only horizontal or only vertical seismic influences, and this is a significant drawback of the mathematical modeling of the vibration processes of structures on a completely deformable base. To eliminate this shortcoming, the work presents differential equations for translational and rocking plane-parallel vibrations of a rigid structure on a completely yielding foundation, including the effects of gravity. From them, in particular, it follows that as the height of the center of gravity tends to zero, these equations turn into classical linear equations of oscillations in the horizontal and vertical directions.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-7-11
I.V. Deryabin
Constant exposure to industrial noise has a negative impact on the human body. That is why increased attention is paid to the fight against noise, the rationing of industrial noise and vibrations was adopted. One of the effective methods to reduce the noise emitted by the operating equipment is the use of noise-insulating casings. The casing, as a rule, contains an outer skin made of steel sheet, a sound-absorbing lining of the inner skin, a perforated lining of a sound-absorbing coating. A typical octave spectrum of radiation sound pressure levels near the machine has a maximum near the frequency of 500 Hz, and the highest casing efficiency (insertion loss) is achieved in the frequency range of 1000–4000 Hz. The purpose of the study presented in the article is to improve the acoustic properties of the noise-insulating casing in the medium and low-frequency sound spectrum. To accomplish this task, the author proposes integrating resonator elements, in particular, Helmholtz resonators, into the structure of the noise-insulating casing. The natural resonant frequencies of Helmholtz acoustic resonators are determined considering their necessary frequency tuning, which ensures effective suppression of sound radiation at discrete values of the operating dominant frequencies of operating equipment. To reduce the excitation of structural vibrations and sound, as well as additional sound insulation, the frame walls and casing covers are damped on the outside and inside with a layer of vibration-damping material. Significant absorption of sound waves generated by operating equipment is ensured by lining the casing walls with effective sound-absorbing panels made of porous material, lined, in turn, with an external protective sound-transparent layer. The design of a noise-insulating casing with resonator elements presented in the study has high acoustic properties in a wide frequency range. Helmholtz resonators built into the casing structure provide sound absorption in 1/3 octave frequency bands centered at 400 and 500 Hz, characterized by a resonant amplification of the sound emitted by the equipment discussed in the article.
{"title":"Sound-insulating Casing with Resonator Elements","authors":"I.V. Deryabin","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-7-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-7-11","url":null,"abstract":"Constant exposure to industrial noise has a negative impact on the human body. That is why increased attention is paid to the fight against noise, the rationing of industrial noise and vibrations was adopted. One of the effective methods to reduce the noise emitted by the operating equipment is the use of noise-insulating casings. The casing, as a rule, contains an outer skin made of steel sheet, a sound-absorbing lining of the inner skin, a perforated lining of a sound-absorbing coating. A typical octave spectrum of radiation sound pressure levels near the machine has a maximum near the frequency of 500 Hz, and the highest casing efficiency (insertion loss) is achieved in the frequency range of 1000–4000 Hz. The purpose of the study presented in the article is to improve the acoustic properties of the noise-insulating casing in the medium and low-frequency sound spectrum. To accomplish this task, the author proposes integrating resonator elements, in particular, Helmholtz resonators, into the structure of the noise-insulating casing. The natural resonant frequencies of Helmholtz acoustic resonators are determined considering their necessary frequency tuning, which ensures effective suppression of sound radiation at discrete values of the operating dominant frequencies of operating equipment. To reduce the excitation of structural vibrations and sound, as well as additional sound insulation, the frame walls and casing covers are damped on the outside and inside with a layer of vibration-damping material. Significant absorption of sound waves generated by operating equipment is ensured by lining the casing walls with effective sound-absorbing panels made of porous material, lined, in turn, with an external protective sound-transparent layer. The design of a noise-insulating casing with resonator elements presented in the study has high acoustic properties in a wide frequency range. Helmholtz resonators built into the casing structure provide sound absorption in 1/3 octave frequency bands centered at 400 and 500 Hz, characterized by a resonant amplification of the sound emitted by the equipment discussed in the article.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the results of the conducted analysis of existing methods effectiveness for extinguishing of oil and gas blowouts, a fundamentally new method for suppressing their combustion using high-pressure generators of fire extinguishing aerosol on a pasty aerosol-forming composition is proposed, which ensures the minimum extinguishing time and minimum costs compared to any other methods of extinguishing such fires. In a chamber with a volume of more than 70 m3, the minimum fire extinguishing concentration of the aerosol is determined. Based on the obtained value, the calculation of the minimum number of fire extinguishing aerosol generators required to extinguish fires of oil and gas wells having a large flow rate was carried out. A series of large-scale experiments on extinguishing a gas blowout with a flow rate of 1 million m3/day and an oil blowout with a flow rate of 1500 m3/day confirmed the efficiency of using paste-like aerosol-forming compositions to create installations for extinguishing oil and gas blowouts, as well as the correctness of the proposed method for calculating the number of fire extinguishing aerosol generators required for extinguishing. The supply of fire extinguishing aerosol along with the flow of burning oil or gas provides an extremely short blowout extinguishing time of 3–4 s from the moment the generators start to work.
{"title":"Extinguishing of Oil and Gas Blowouts by High-pressure Jets of the Fire Extinguishing Aerosol","authors":"S.N. Kopylov, O.I. Rogozhina, E.V. Kozlova, Yu.I. Kartashov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-65-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-65-73","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the results of the conducted analysis of existing methods effectiveness for extinguishing of oil and gas blowouts, a fundamentally new method for suppressing their combustion using high-pressure generators of fire extinguishing aerosol on a pasty aerosol-forming composition is proposed, which ensures the minimum extinguishing time and minimum costs compared to any other methods of extinguishing such fires. In a chamber with a volume of more than 70 m3, the minimum fire extinguishing concentration of the aerosol is determined. Based on the obtained value, the calculation of the minimum number of fire extinguishing aerosol generators required to extinguish fires of oil and gas wells having a large flow rate was carried out. A series of large-scale experiments on extinguishing a gas blowout with a flow rate of 1 million m3/day and an oil blowout with a flow rate of 1500 m3/day confirmed the efficiency of using paste-like aerosol-forming compositions to create installations for extinguishing oil and gas blowouts, as well as the correctness of the proposed method for calculating the number of fire extinguishing aerosol generators required for extinguishing. The supply of fire extinguishing aerosol along with the flow of burning oil or gas provides an extremely short blowout extinguishing time of 3–4 s from the moment the generators start to work.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-59-64
V.S. Zaburdayev, E.V. Fedorov, F.S. Belousov
The technology for conducting degassing work in the Russian mines is determined by the experience of half a century of using methods and means to reduce the methane abundance of excavation areas based on drilling wells along the developed and adjacent coal seams into mined-out spaces. The parameters of degassing and methane emission sources are legalized by the industry regulations, scientifically substantiated, and published in the scientific and practical works. The mines of the Kuznetsk coal basin and the Vorkuta deposit, mainly with high productivity of coal mining in the conditions of developing a suite of methane-bearing coal seams using complex mechanized faces were selected as objects of study: named after S.M. Kirov, named after V.D. Yalevsky (formerly «Kotinskaya»), Boldyrevsky coal seams (index 24) and seam 52. Gas hazard of the coal mines is determined by the volume of methane emissions, explosions of methane-air mixtures, loss of people life and is caused by the joint influence of natural, mining, organizational and subjective factors. The main indicator of gas hazard when developing a suite of methane-bearing coal seams is the absolute methane abundance of the excavation area. The method was used to predict the intensity of methane release from the exposed surface of a mined coal seam into the bottomhole space of the longwall and adjacent coal seams. Methane release from the exposed surface of a contiguous coal seam, subject to unloading from the rock pressure, was determined by analogy with the mined seam. The release of methane from the broken coal was established experimentally. When the working face unloads adjacent coal seams, the intensity of methane release from them into the working face is summed up.
{"title":"Degassing of the Developed Coal Seams along a Directional Route Using Wells","authors":"V.S. Zaburdayev, E.V. Fedorov, F.S. Belousov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-59-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-59-64","url":null,"abstract":"The technology for conducting degassing work in the Russian mines is determined by the experience of half a century of using methods and means to reduce the methane abundance of excavation areas based on drilling wells along the developed and adjacent coal seams into mined-out spaces. The parameters of degassing and methane emission sources are legalized by the industry regulations, scientifically substantiated, and published in the scientific and practical works. The mines of the Kuznetsk coal basin and the Vorkuta deposit, mainly with high productivity of coal mining in the conditions of developing a suite of methane-bearing coal seams using complex mechanized faces were selected as objects of study: named after S.M. Kirov, named after V.D. Yalevsky (formerly «Kotinskaya»), Boldyrevsky coal seams (index 24) and seam 52. Gas hazard of the coal mines is determined by the volume of methane emissions, explosions of methane-air mixtures, loss of people life and is caused by the joint influence of natural, mining, organizational and subjective factors. The main indicator of gas hazard when developing a suite of methane-bearing coal seams is the absolute methane abundance of the excavation area. The method was used to predict the intensity of methane release from the exposed surface of a mined coal seam into the bottomhole space of the longwall and adjacent coal seams. Methane release from the exposed surface of a contiguous coal seam, subject to unloading from the rock pressure, was determined by analogy with the mined seam. The release of methane from the broken coal was established experimentally. When the working face unloads adjacent coal seams, the intensity of methane release from them into the working face is summed up.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-89-95
N.M. Gerasimenko
Occupational safety is a priority direction in the policy of modern companies in the world. The fundamental category of the occupational safety is a risk-oriented approach. The purpose of the study is to select a methodological approach to assessing occupational risks in the workplaces with identified prerequisites for the realization of hazards and realized hazardous events. The object of the study is a service company that provides services for the maintenance of engineering life support systems of buildings and vehicle management. Over the past 10 years, 6 minor injuries were registered at the enterprise. The realization of 86 % of minor injuries was facilitated by conscious dangerous actions of the employees. It is worth noting that 67 % of minor injuries occurred with employees over the age of 56 years. The identified hazards are ranked according to two classifications: for reasons of hazards arising at the workplaces (work zones) during the performance of work, in case of an unexpected (emergency) situation; based on the nature of action and mechanism of action. The assessment of occupational risks was carried out using the matrix method and the Fine-Kinney method, as they are the easiest to use and widely used in domestic and foreign practice. The linear and quadratic interpolations usage for intermediate values of the likelihood of occurrence of a hazardous event and the exposure to a potentially dangerous situation in the classical Fine-Kinney method allows to determine more adequate levels of occupational risks in the workplaces and put emphasis on the hazards that are implemented due to the employee psycho-emotional characteristics (manifestation of a person character). For the workplaces where, as part of operational monitoring of the state of occupational safety, the prerequisites for the occurrence of a hazardous event were identified, it is proposed to use linear interpolation of the values of the probability of occurrence of a hazardous event and exposure to a hazardous event using the classical Fine-Kinney method; for the workplaces in which employees over the age of 56 years work at a certain period of time — quadratic interpolation. Aposteriori, i.e. determined through the conducted empirical study, increasing the levels of occupational risks when applying linear and quadratic interpolations in the classical Fine-Kinney method is a preventive measure aimed at fostering a conscious attitude towards compliance with the occupational safety requirements and improving the implementation of a risk-oriented approach.
{"title":"Some Aspects of Hazards Analysis and Assessment of the Degree of Occupational Risk Based on a Risk-Based Approach","authors":"N.M. Gerasimenko","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-89-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-89-95","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational safety is a priority direction in the policy of modern companies in the world. The fundamental category of the occupational safety is a risk-oriented approach. The purpose of the study is to select a methodological approach to assessing occupational risks in the workplaces with identified prerequisites for the realization of hazards and realized hazardous events. The object of the study is a service company that provides services for the maintenance of engineering life support systems of buildings and vehicle management. Over the past 10 years, 6 minor injuries were registered at the enterprise. The realization of 86 % of minor injuries was facilitated by conscious dangerous actions of the employees. It is worth noting that 67 % of minor injuries occurred with employees over the age of 56 years. The identified hazards are ranked according to two classifications: for reasons of hazards arising at the workplaces (work zones) during the performance of work, in case of an unexpected (emergency) situation; based on the nature of action and mechanism of action. The assessment of occupational risks was carried out using the matrix method and the Fine-Kinney method, as they are the easiest to use and widely used in domestic and foreign practice. The linear and quadratic interpolations usage for intermediate values of the likelihood of occurrence of a hazardous event and the exposure to a potentially dangerous situation in the classical Fine-Kinney method allows to determine more adequate levels of occupational risks in the workplaces and put emphasis on the hazards that are implemented due to the employee psycho-emotional characteristics (manifestation of a person character). For the workplaces where, as part of operational monitoring of the state of occupational safety, the prerequisites for the occurrence of a hazardous event were identified, it is proposed to use linear interpolation of the values of the probability of occurrence of a hazardous event and exposure to a hazardous event using the classical Fine-Kinney method; for the workplaces in which employees over the age of 56 years work at a certain period of time — quadratic interpolation. Aposteriori, i.e. determined through the conducted empirical study, increasing the levels of occupational risks when applying linear and quadratic interpolations in the classical Fine-Kinney method is a preventive measure aimed at fostering a conscious attitude towards compliance with the occupational safety requirements and improving the implementation of a risk-oriented approach.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135738376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-39-44
A.A. Rudneva, V.A. Portola
The issues of operating large tires in the conditions of mining enterprises do not lose their relevance, since the costs of their acquisition and maintenance are among the main expense items of the mining transport enterprises. Lack of control over the thermal state and pressure of the large tires in many cases leads to both significant economic damage in the event of a fire or explosion, and a threat to the life and health of the employees. It is required to take into account that a large tire is a multi-ton product that is constantly under high pressure. The combination of such properties of the tires under consideration as large weight and dimensions, high pressure, is in itself a potentially dangerous factor that requires increased attention. Therefore, it is vitally important for the employees working near large tires, especially dump truck drivers, to be confident in their technical serviceability. This can only be achieved through constant monitoring of their thermal state and pressure. Thermal destruction of the large tires is due to the fact that during operation, due to the deformation and internal friction of the tire carcass elements during rolling, excess heat generation occurs. At the same time, the main materials and adhesives used to produce tires are very sensitive to high temperatures. Excessive heat generation weakens and destroys the bonds between tire structural elements and causes restructuring of the rubber. Thermal failure of large tires can be a consequence of exceeding the standard performance indicator, as well as their operation at low pressure. Both of these factors equally require attention from the specialists in the operation department of a mining and transport enterprise. Since the large tires do not have obvious signs of their critical condition, it is not possible to detect the characteristic features of the onset of thermal destruction by visual inspection (rubber restructuring and delamination occurs in the inner layers of the tire). The article provides an example of improving the safety of operation of the large tires at one of the Kuzbass coal mining enterprises by introducing systems for monitoring the thermal state and internal pressure of tires. The measures taken and the results achieved are described.
{"title":"On the Problem of the Large Tires Safe Operation","authors":"A.A. Rudneva, V.A. Portola","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-39-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-39-44","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of operating large tires in the conditions of mining enterprises do not lose their relevance, since the costs of their acquisition and maintenance are among the main expense items of the mining transport enterprises. Lack of control over the thermal state and pressure of the large tires in many cases leads to both significant economic damage in the event of a fire or explosion, and a threat to the life and health of the employees. It is required to take into account that a large tire is a multi-ton product that is constantly under high pressure. The combination of such properties of the tires under consideration as large weight and dimensions, high pressure, is in itself a potentially dangerous factor that requires increased attention. Therefore, it is vitally important for the employees working near large tires, especially dump truck drivers, to be confident in their technical serviceability. This can only be achieved through constant monitoring of their thermal state and pressure. Thermal destruction of the large tires is due to the fact that during operation, due to the deformation and internal friction of the tire carcass elements during rolling, excess heat generation occurs. At the same time, the main materials and adhesives used to produce tires are very sensitive to high temperatures. Excessive heat generation weakens and destroys the bonds between tire structural elements and causes restructuring of the rubber. Thermal failure of large tires can be a consequence of exceeding the standard performance indicator, as well as their operation at low pressure. Both of these factors equally require attention from the specialists in the operation department of a mining and transport enterprise. Since the large tires do not have obvious signs of their critical condition, it is not possible to detect the characteristic features of the onset of thermal destruction by visual inspection (rubber restructuring and delamination occurs in the inner layers of the tire). The article provides an example of improving the safety of operation of the large tires at one of the Kuzbass coal mining enterprises by introducing systems for monitoring the thermal state and internal pressure of tires. The measures taken and the results achieved are described.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：