Land struggle and Palestinian farmers’ livelihoods in the West Bank: between de-agrarianization and anti-colonial resistance

IF 4.4 1区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of Peasant Studies Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI:10.1080/03066150.2023.2277748
Fadia Panosetti, Laurence Roudart
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Bringing Agrarian Political Economy and Agrarian System Analysis in dialogue with Settler Colonial and Indigenous Studies, and relying on an extensive fieldwork, it analyses drivers and outcomes of de-agrarianization and semi-proletarianization in the villages of Al-Walaja and Wadi Fukin, showing how wage work in Israel contributed to uproot Palestinians from their land.KEYWORDS: De-agrarianizationsemi-proletarianizationlivelihoodsland dispossessionIsrael/Palestine Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Labneh is a salted and strained yogurt which is typical of the Middle Eastern cuisine.2 This decision was taken by the Israeli Supreme Court in the frame of the ‘Elon Moreh case’.3 According to an Ottoman law, someone who would cultivate a piece of land during at least 10 years would become the owner. This kind of provision, named acquisitive prescription, exists in other land regimes.4 Military Order No. 1015, Order concerning planting of fruit trees, 27 August 1982.5 Military Order No. 1039, Order concerning control over the plating of fruit trees, Amendment to Military order 1015, 5 January 1983.6 Military Order No. 1147, Order concerning supervision over fruit trees and vegetables, Amendment 2 to Military Order 1015, 30 July 1985.7 Military Order No. 653, Order concerning material subject to control, 15 April 1976; Military Order No. 92, Order concerning Jurisdiction over water regulations, Amendment to Jordanian Law concerning Water, 15 August 1967; Military Order No. 158, Order Concerning settlement of disputes over land and water, 19 November 1967; Military Order No. 818, Order concerning the planting of certain decorative flowers, 22 January 1980.8 Author interview with an ex-member of the PCP, Wadi Fukin, 30 April 2018.9 Author interview with with the Director of ARIJ, Bethlehem, 5 January 2016.10 1 dunum corresponds to 0.1 ha.11 Author interview with Omar, Wadi Fukin, 7 May 2018. Omar is a fictitious name.12 Author interview with Saleh, Wadi Fukin, 30 April 2018. Saleh is a fictitious name.13 We use this phrase after Ross's book title: Stone men: the Palestinians who built Israel (2019).14 Author interview with Tareq, Wadi Fukin, 2 April 2018. Tareq is a fictitious name.15 Author interview with Mohammad, Wadi Fukin, 20 March 2018. Mohammad is a fictitious name.16 Author interview with Samir, Wadi Fukin, 6 June 2018. Samir is a fictitious name.17 Author interview with Mohamed, Al-Walaja, 5 March 2019. Mohamed is a fictitious name. Palestinians often refer to Israel by using the phrase ‘in ‘48’, which stands for ‘the Palestinian land lost in 1948’.18 Author interview with Ismael, Al-Walaja, 20 March 2019. Ismael is a fictitious name.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S - FNRS) – Belgium: [Grant Number 1179119F].Notes on contributorsFadia PanosettiFadia Panosetti received her PhD in International Development from the Free University of Brussels in 2023 and recently joined the Margaret Anstee Centre for Global Studies – University of Cambridge as Postdoctoral Research Fellow. She is also a member of the collective ANR IMAGINE-E research programme. In her research, she focuses on the histories and theories of agrarian struggle and economic, social, political change among rural communities in the Middle East, particularly in Israel/Palestine.Laurence RoudartLaurence Roudart is professor of Development Studies at the Université libre de Bruxelles. She is president of the Department of Social Sciences and Labour Sciences at this University. 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Abstract

ABSTRACTThis article explores the relationship between rural livelihood transformations and the land struggle in the West Bank between 1979 and the Oslo Accords. During this period, the Israeli adoption of the state land doctrine opened a new terrain of struggle, prompting specific responses among Palestinian rural communities. Bringing Agrarian Political Economy and Agrarian System Analysis in dialogue with Settler Colonial and Indigenous Studies, and relying on an extensive fieldwork, it analyses drivers and outcomes of de-agrarianization and semi-proletarianization in the villages of Al-Walaja and Wadi Fukin, showing how wage work in Israel contributed to uproot Palestinians from their land.KEYWORDS: De-agrarianizationsemi-proletarianizationlivelihoodsland dispossessionIsrael/Palestine Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Labneh is a salted and strained yogurt which is typical of the Middle Eastern cuisine.2 This decision was taken by the Israeli Supreme Court in the frame of the ‘Elon Moreh case’.3 According to an Ottoman law, someone who would cultivate a piece of land during at least 10 years would become the owner. This kind of provision, named acquisitive prescription, exists in other land regimes.4 Military Order No. 1015, Order concerning planting of fruit trees, 27 August 1982.5 Military Order No. 1039, Order concerning control over the plating of fruit trees, Amendment to Military order 1015, 5 January 1983.6 Military Order No. 1147, Order concerning supervision over fruit trees and vegetables, Amendment 2 to Military Order 1015, 30 July 1985.7 Military Order No. 653, Order concerning material subject to control, 15 April 1976; Military Order No. 92, Order concerning Jurisdiction over water regulations, Amendment to Jordanian Law concerning Water, 15 August 1967; Military Order No. 158, Order Concerning settlement of disputes over land and water, 19 November 1967; Military Order No. 818, Order concerning the planting of certain decorative flowers, 22 January 1980.8 Author interview with an ex-member of the PCP, Wadi Fukin, 30 April 2018.9 Author interview with with the Director of ARIJ, Bethlehem, 5 January 2016.10 1 dunum corresponds to 0.1 ha.11 Author interview with Omar, Wadi Fukin, 7 May 2018. Omar is a fictitious name.12 Author interview with Saleh, Wadi Fukin, 30 April 2018. Saleh is a fictitious name.13 We use this phrase after Ross's book title: Stone men: the Palestinians who built Israel (2019).14 Author interview with Tareq, Wadi Fukin, 2 April 2018. Tareq is a fictitious name.15 Author interview with Mohammad, Wadi Fukin, 20 March 2018. Mohammad is a fictitious name.16 Author interview with Samir, Wadi Fukin, 6 June 2018. Samir is a fictitious name.17 Author interview with Mohamed, Al-Walaja, 5 March 2019. Mohamed is a fictitious name. Palestinians often refer to Israel by using the phrase ‘in ‘48’, which stands for ‘the Palestinian land lost in 1948’.18 Author interview with Ismael, Al-Walaja, 20 March 2019. Ismael is a fictitious name.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S - FNRS) – Belgium: [Grant Number 1179119F].Notes on contributorsFadia PanosettiFadia Panosetti received her PhD in International Development from the Free University of Brussels in 2023 and recently joined the Margaret Anstee Centre for Global Studies – University of Cambridge as Postdoctoral Research Fellow. She is also a member of the collective ANR IMAGINE-E research programme. In her research, she focuses on the histories and theories of agrarian struggle and economic, social, political change among rural communities in the Middle East, particularly in Israel/Palestine.Laurence RoudartLaurence Roudart is professor of Development Studies at the Université libre de Bruxelles. She is president of the Department of Social Sciences and Labour Sciences at this University. Her research and teaching focus on agricultural and food policies, agricultural systems and development. She has carried out fieldwork in Indonesia, Egypt, Senegal, Mali, Burundi and Haiti. She authored, with Marcel Mazoyer, A History of World Agriculture – From the Neolithic Age to the Current Crisis.
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土地斗争与约旦河西岸巴勒斯坦农民的生计:在去农业化与反殖民抵抗之间
摘要本文探讨了1979年至《奥斯陆协议》签订期间西岸农村生计转型与土地斗争之间的关系。在此期间,以色列采用国家土地学说开辟了一个新的斗争领域,促使巴勒斯坦农村社区作出具体反应。将农业政治经济学和农业制度分析与定居者殖民地和土著研究对话,并依靠广泛的实地调查,分析了Al-Walaja和Wadi Fukin村非农业化和半无产阶级化的驱动因素和结果,展示了以色列的工资工作如何导致巴勒斯坦人离开他们的土地。关键词:去农业化、半无产阶级化、生计、土地剥夺以色列/巴勒斯坦披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1 Labneh是一种经过腌制和过滤的酸奶,是典型的中东菜肴这一决定是以色列最高法院在“埃隆·莫雷案”中作出的根据奥斯曼法律,耕种一块土地至少10年的人将成为土地的所有者。这种规定被称为取得时效,在其他土地制度中也存在第1039号军事命令,关于种植果树的命令,1988月27日;第1039号军事命令,关于控制种植果树的命令,1981月5日第1015号军事命令修正案;第1147号军事命令,关于监督果树和蔬菜的命令,1987月30日第1015号军事命令修正案2;第653号军事命令,关于受控制的材料的命令,1976年4月15日;第92号军事命令,关于水条例管辖权的命令,约旦水法修正案,1967年8月15日;第158号军事命令,关于解决土地和水争端的命令,1967年11月19日;第818号军事命令,关于种植某些装饰性花卉的命令,1980年1月22日。2018年4月30日,作者与PCP前成员Wadi Fukin的访谈。2016年1月5日,作者与伯利恒ARIJ主任的访谈作者采访Omar, Wadi Fukin, 2018年5月7日。奥马尔是一个虚构的名字2018年4月30日,Wadi Fukin对Saleh的作者采访。萨利赫是一个虚构的名字我们在罗斯的书名之后使用这个短语:石头人:建造以色列的巴勒斯坦人(2019)作者采访Tareq, Wadi Fukin, 2018年4月2日。塔里克是个虚构的名字2018年3月20日,Wadi Fukin对穆罕默德的作者访谈。穆罕默德是一个虚构的名字2018年6月6日,Wadi Fukin对Samir的作者采访。萨米尔是一个虚构的名字2019年3月5日,Al-Walaja对Mohamed的作者访谈。穆罕默德是个假名。巴勒斯坦人经常用“in’48”来指代以色列,意思是“1948年失去的巴勒斯坦土地”作者采访Ismael, Al-Walaja, 2019年3月20日。伊斯梅尔是一个虚构的名字。本研究由比利时科学研究基金(F.R.S - FNRS)资助:[批准号1179119F]。作者简介法迪亚·帕诺塞蒂法迪亚·帕诺塞蒂于2023年在布鲁塞尔自由大学获得国际发展博士学位,最近加入剑桥大学玛格丽特·安斯蒂全球研究中心担任博士后研究员。她也是ANR IMAGINE-E研究项目的成员。在她的研究中,她专注于农业斗争的历史和理论,以及中东,特别是以色列/巴勒斯坦农村社区的经济、社会和政治变革。Laurence Roudart是布鲁塞尔自由大学发展研究教授。她是这所大学社会科学和劳动科学系的院长。她的研究和教学重点是农业和粮食政策、农业系统和发展。她曾在印度尼西亚、埃及、塞内加尔、马里、布隆迪和海地开展实地工作。她与马塞尔·马佐耶合著了《世界农业史——从新石器时代到当前危机》一书。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
17.60%
发文量
99
期刊介绍: A leading journal in the field of rural politics and development, The Journal of Peasant Studies (JPS) provokes and promotes critical thinking about social structures, institutions, actors and processes of change in and in relation to the rural world. It fosters inquiry into how agrarian power relations between classes and other social groups are created, understood, contested and transformed. JPS pays special attention to questions of ‘agency’ of marginalized groups in agrarian societies, particularly their autonomy and capacity to interpret – and change – their conditions.
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