Journal of Peasant Studies最新文献

{"title":"Land struggle and Palestinian farmers’ livelihoods in the West Bank: between de-agrarianization and anti-colonial resistance","authors":"Fadia Panosetti, Laurence Roudart","doi":"10.1080/03066150.2023.2277748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2023.2277748","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article explores the relationship between rural livelihood transformations and the land struggle in the West Bank between 1979 and the Oslo Accords. During this period, the Israeli adoption of the state land doctrine opened a new terrain of struggle, prompting specific responses among Palestinian rural communities. Bringing Agrarian Political Economy and Agrarian System Analysis in dialogue with Settler Colonial and Indigenous Studies, and relying on an extensive fieldwork, it analyses drivers and outcomes of de-agrarianization and semi-proletarianization in the villages of Al-Walaja and Wadi Fukin, showing how wage work in Israel contributed to uproot Palestinians from their land.KEYWORDS: De-agrarianizationsemi-proletarianizationlivelihoodsland dispossessionIsrael/Palestine Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Labneh is a salted and strained yogurt which is typical of the Middle Eastern cuisine.2 This decision was taken by the Israeli Supreme Court in the frame of the ‘Elon Moreh case’.3 According to an Ottoman law, someone who would cultivate a piece of land during at least 10 years would become the owner. This kind of provision, named acquisitive prescription, exists in other land regimes.4 Military Order No. 1015, Order concerning planting of fruit trees, 27 August 1982.5 Military Order No. 1039, Order concerning control over the plating of fruit trees, Amendment to Military order 1015, 5 January 1983.6 Military Order No. 1147, Order concerning supervision over fruit trees and vegetables, Amendment 2 to Military Order 1015, 30 July 1985.7 Military Order No. 653, Order concerning material subject to control, 15 April 1976; Military Order No. 92, Order concerning Jurisdiction over water regulations, Amendment to Jordanian Law concerning Water, 15 August 1967; Military Order No. 158, Order Concerning settlement of disputes over land and water, 19 November 1967; Military Order No. 818, Order concerning the planting of certain decorative flowers, 22 January 1980.8 Author interview with an ex-member of the PCP, Wadi Fukin, 30 April 2018.9 Author interview with with the Director of ARIJ, Bethlehem, 5 January 2016.10 1 dunum corresponds to 0.1 ha.11 Author interview with Omar, Wadi Fukin, 7 May 2018. Omar is a fictitious name.12 Author interview with Saleh, Wadi Fukin, 30 April 2018. Saleh is a fictitious name.13 We use this phrase after Ross's book title: Stone men: the Palestinians who built Israel (2019).14 Author interview with Tareq, Wadi Fukin, 2 April 2018. Tareq is a fictitious name.15 Author interview with Mohammad, Wadi Fukin, 20 March 2018. Mohammad is a fictitious name.16 Author interview with Samir, Wadi Fukin, 6 June 2018. Samir is a fictitious name.17 Author interview with Mohamed, Al-Walaja, 5 March 2019. Mohamed is a fictitious name. Palestinians often refer to Israel by using the phrase ‘in ‘48’, which stands for ‘the Palestinian land lost in 1948’.18 Author intervi","PeriodicalId":48271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peasant Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Autonomy as a Human Right: The Quest for Local Self-Rule <b>Local Autonomy as a Human Right: The Quest for Local Self-Rule</b> , by Joshua B. Forrest, Lanham, Maryland, Rowman and Littlefield Press, 2021, 588 pp., $174 (hardcover), ISBN: 1538154498","authors":"Alexander Liebman","doi":"10.1080/03066150.2023.2277749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2023.2277749","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peasant Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making soil in the Plantationocene","authors":"Andrew Ofstehage","doi":"10.1080/03066150.2023.2266705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2023.2266705","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTBased on 14 months of ethnographic research, this paper analyzes soil management within the plantation model of farmingin order to understand the extent to which life on large-scale monocultural farms can be controlled and directed toward extractiveproduction. Transnational soy farmers in Western Bahia Brazil ‘correct’ soils in the region to make them productive and marshal thisagronomic work to claim that they have added value to the land by ‘building it up’. Still, the permeability of the plantation keepstransnational farmers from achieving their dreams of control.KEYWORDS: plantationsoilPlantationocenelandBrazilUnited StatesCerrado AcknowledgementsThe author thanks Wendy Wolford for her continued efforts to bring forth ‘A Conversation on the Plantationocene’ and later to lead the Journal of Peasant Studies forum on the Plantationocene. This paper received generous critical feedback from the Wolford Writing Lab as well as two highly thoughtful and engaged reviewers. All shortcomings are the author’s. This work would not have been possible without the participation of research participants and funding from the UNC-CH Graduate School, Wenner-Gren, and IIE-Fulbright.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 A moniker for the Brazilian states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia. These states are at the center of soybean commodity frontier expansion in Brazil, thanks in good measure to government support (consisting primarily of agricultural credit and agricultural research).2 This is not the first time whitefly have threatened the Brazilian soy crop. A 1973 report warned of large populations of whitefly in soy fields of Parana and Sao Paulo as well as an increased incidence of related viruses; 100% of the soy crop was affected and whitefly numbers were blamed on the great extension of the cultivation of soy beans, long planting seasons, and a long, hot summer. They recommended restricting the cropping season, working to identify whitefly control strategies, and instituting breeding programs to develop virus-resistant plants (Costa, Costa, and Sauer Citation1973).3 Once-prominent hypotheses that land ‘exhaustion’ or degradation in the US South deepened Southern plantations’ dependence on slaves have been largely disproven (Zirkle Citation1943), but legacies of land degradation on plantations live on in soil memories (Martens and Robertson 2019).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Fulbright Association; the Graduate School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; and the Wenner-Gren Foundation: [Grant Number 8906].Notes on contributorsAndrew OfstehageAndrew Ofstehage is currently a program coordinator at North Carolina State University; previously he was a postdoctoral associate at Cornell University. He completed his PhD in anthropology in 2018 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he defended his dissertation, ‘“When We Came There Was Nothing”","PeriodicalId":48271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peasant Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drugs and extractivism: opium cultivation and drug use in the Myanmar-China borderlands","authors":"Patrick Meehan, Seng Lawn Dan","doi":"10.1080/03066150.2023.2271403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2023.2271403","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the intersections between two phenomena that have shaped eastern Kachin State in Myanmar’s northern borderlands with China since the late 1980s: the transformation of once-remote spaces into resource frontiers shaped by overlapping and cumulative forms of export-oriented resource extraction, and the upsurge of opium cultivation and drug use. Through the analytic of extractivism, we examine how the modalities surrounding logging and plantations in the Myanmar-China borderlands offer critical insights into how drugs have become entrenched in the region’s political economy and the everyday lives of people ‘living with’ the destruction, violence and insecurity wrought by extractive development.","PeriodicalId":48271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peasant Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threatening dystopias: the global politics of climate change adaptation in Bangladesh <b>Threatening dystopias: the global politics of climate change adaptation in Bangladesh</b> , by Kasia Paprocki, Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press, 2021, 262pp., ISBN: 1501759159","authors":"Jessie MacInnis","doi":"10.1080/03066150.2023.2254724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2023.2254724","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peasant Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landless <b>Landless</b> , written and directed by Randeep Maddoke, 2018/India/colour/70min/Punjabi with English subtitles. Available at https://filmfreeway.com/Landless111","authors":"Amod Shah","doi":"10.1080/03066150.2023.2255529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2023.2255529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peasant Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmer-herder relations, land governance and the national conflict in Mali","authors":"Eva Hansen","doi":"10.1080/03066150.2023.2269093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2023.2269093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTFarmer-herder conflicts have been long standing in Mali’s rural areas. It has been shown that it is mostly herders who support and join jihadist groups. By analysing land regimes in farmer-herder contexts and merging studies on different scales of violence, the paper investigates how local dynamics interact with national political violence. It argues that historical precedents and pastoralist grievances related to land governance have created a fertile breeding ground for jihadism to take root and spread. It also contends that local land-related issues can have a considerable impact on state fragility and the eruption and dynamics of violence.KEYWORDS: Pastoralismdecentralisation‌land governanceconflictstate fragilityinstitutional multiplicityjihadism AcknowledgementI would like to express my sincere gratitude to Professor James Putzel for his invaluable guidance and support throughout my studies in international development at the LSE and during the course of this research. His profound expertise, insightful feedback, and patient mentorship have been crucial in shaping the direction and quality of this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Institutions are the humanly designed constraints that shape human interaction in a society (North Citation1990; Knight Citation1992).2 This was for instance the case in indirect colonial rule, which was described as decentralised despotism by Mamdani (Citation1996, Chapter 3).3 Other indicators of state fragility include the failure of the state to: exercise a monopoly over the legitimate use of force, which is the key defining characteristic, but also to develop basic bureaucratic capacity and to exercise territorial control (idem).4 For instance, the definition of the OECD does not differentiate general conditions of underdevelopment from conditions of fragility (Putzel Citation2010, 2).5 Islamic State in West Africa Province.6 Literal translation: local land management.7 During colonialism, the imposition of new borders for administrative purposes led to the unprecedented articulation of identities along ethnic lines (Hesseling and van Dijk Citation2005).8 The main terrorist groups active in Mali include ISIS in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) and the Al Qaeda-affiliated Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM). JNIM is an umbrella group including Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), Ansar al-Dine and Katiba Macina among others (Nsaibia Citation2020a).9 The deployment of Dogon militias is extremely problematic, as Dogons have historically opposed Fulanis in farmer-herder conflicts (Benjaminsen and Ba Citation2021).10 Putzel and Di John (Citation2012) argue that understanding the incentive structure and organisational dynamics of armed groups is essential to defeat them or bring them into peace processes, rather than solely analysing their motivations.Additional informationNotes on contributorsEva HansenEva Hansen is a professional in the","PeriodicalId":48271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peasant Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Queen of the fields in wartime: What can Ukrainian corn tell us about the resilience of the global food system?","authors":"Natalia Mamonova, Susanne Wengle, Vitalii Dankevych","doi":"10.1080/03066150.2023.2255568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2023.2255568","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the corn-driven boom of Ukraine’s agriculture, the damage wrought by Russia’s war, and the adaptation strategies by Ukrainian corporate agribusinesses. It thereby contributes to debates on the resilience of the global food system: we confirm extant concerns that the neoliberal agricultural model is highly sensitive to external shocks. We show that export-oriented agribusinesses initially sustained significant losses, but learned to adapt to the dramatically changing economies of corn-growing. Finally, despite this remarkable resilience, we argue that military force, wielded by a state explicitly challenging Western hegemony, can significantly disrupt corporate power in the contemporary food regime.","PeriodicalId":48271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peasant Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agri-food globalization and food security in Brazil: recent trends and contradictions","authors":"Georges Flexor, Karina Yoshie Kato, Sergio Pereira Leite","doi":"10.1080/03066150.2023.2259807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2023.2259807","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe article analyzes the interrelationships between international commodity markets and food security in Brazil. Through bibliographical research, document analysis, and data visualization, this paper illustrates the key connections between the dynamics of agricultural commodity markets, the growth of commodity production in Brazil, and the behavior of food prices in Brazil. Greater integration of the Brazilian food market with the global food market not only raises land use and environmental concerns, but also requires a discussion of development strategies that can ensure national food. The paper's conclusion emphasizes the need for greater understanding of the ongoing dynamics and their local effects.KEYWORDS: Food securityfood marketgeopoliticsBrazil Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1 Our main contribution was to focus on transformations in Brazilian agriculture and the challenges these pose to food sovereignty and security (Flexor, Kato, and Leite Citation2022). See https://saudeamanha.fiocruz.br/o-projeto/#.Y0WiT-zMJdg2 Given that agricultural commodity production is significantly more land- and capital-intensive than labor-intensive, additional output is unlikely to result in the creation of many new employment. However, the establishment of well-paying employment is a need for food security.3 According to Anda (National Association for Fertilizer Dissemination) (Citationn.d.), imports of Intermediate and Complex Fertilizers - N P K - amounted to 34.61 million tons in 2022 (data through November), accounting for 84.24% of the total market offer. Given the magnitude of its agribusiness, Brazil is now one of the largest importers of fertilizers in the world.4 On the other hand, neoextractive literature indicates (Svampa Citation2019; Wesz Junior et al. Citation2021) that the increase in international prices has meant more foreign exchange and greater capacity for most Latin American governments to spend on a wide repertoire of policies in the last two decades, including those under the rubric of social programs.5 According to the IBGE, to calculate the IPCA: 1) the arithmetic average of the prices researched in different commercial establishments is calculated for each product in the current month. Through the same process, this average price is compared with the result obtained in the previous month; 2) to calculate the sub-item's index (food for example), the simple geometric mean is applied to aggregate the results of the products belonging to the sub-item; and 3) for all higher levels of aggregation, the Laspeyres formula is employed6 In order to compare the behavior of food prices with IPCA, we developed an index in which both the IPCA and the food price are equal to 1 in January 2010. Thus, on that date, the difference between the food price index and the IPCA is zero. If the price of food grows faster than the inflation, as measured by the IPCA, the index is positive and is","PeriodicalId":48271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peasant Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of China’s rural water governance: water, techno-political development and state legitimacy","authors":"Qinhong Xu, Rutgerd Boelens, Gert Jan Veldwisch","doi":"10.1080/03066150.2023.2261860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2023.2261860","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the evolution of rural water governance in the People’s Republic of China through a historical review of its water governance transformations, including the ideology, institutions, and discourses. It is argued that the evolution of agricultural water management and rural drinking water development in China is inextricably linked to addressing political legitimacy. Rural water governance, is shown to be intertwined with state identity and citizenship formation, in order to produce and control hydrosocial territorial objects and subjects.","PeriodicalId":48271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peasant Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}