Monasteries of First Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu Zanabazar (1635—1723): Shankhyn-khiid, Tuvkhun-khiid, Erdene-khambyn-khiid (2022 Expedition)

Abstract

The article discusses the brief history and current state of three early monasteries of the first Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu Zanabazar (1635—1723): Shankhyn-khiid, Tuvkhun-khiid, and Erdene-khambyn-khiid (Högnö-khan's-khiid), located in the Uvurkhangai and Bulgan aimags of Mongolia. The material for the article is based on the results of field research conducted by the authors in 2022. Documents and various published sources in Mongolian language, including interviews, were also used. The role of the traditional Buddhist monastery system, which played a significant role in the life of Mongolia and its people, is shown in historical retrospect. Modern processes of restoring social functions of monasteries in society are analyzed. Three monasteries belonging to the category of gegen or khutukhtu’s, founded by Undur-gegen, are studied. Methods of historical and topographical analysis of sacred objects of monasteries included observation, comparative historical, historical and biographical, as well as source studies methods. The authors conclude that the most complete history is that of the Barun-khure monastery since it was not only the residence of Undur-gegen and a religious object but also a large cultural, educational, and socio-economic center. It is claimed that partial reconstruction of monasteries is currently underway, and Buddhist traditions are being revived in accordance with modern realities.