IMBALANCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN BUSINESS SECTOR

Abstract

Topicality. For the post-war recovery of the country, a qualitative restoration of the regulatory environment is needed, aimed at optimizing macroeconomic processes related to the structural transformation of the business sector, the necessity of which is caused by its existing disproportions, that is, a violation of coherence, correspondence of interrelated economic processes and indicators characterizing the functioning and development certain types of business activity. This indicates the need for the formation of the ability of the business sector of Ukraine to self-renew, adaptability to crisis effects and development through qualitative changes in its technological core on the basis of digital transformation, innovativeness and the creation of favorable conditions for the development of mobilized resources (assets) in the sectoral dimension, as a basis for ensuring humanitarian and defense needs, generating high added value as a factor of general economic well-being, filling budgets and providing resources for resilient social development.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine disproportions in the development of the business sector of Ukraine as a manifestation of the deindustrialization process.Materials and methods. The material and methodical base of the research is formed by the results of the theoretical generalization of scientific works, which are covered in publications of a fundamental and applied nature, as well as statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the UN Comtrade database, and data of the World Bank. The methods of systemic, structural-logical and comparative analysis were used to solve the tasks.Research results. In contrast to developed countries, where the restart of economic growth is planned to be carried out at the expense of "new industrialization", based on the scientific and technical achievements of the sixth technological order, the essential feature of our economy is that such technological reindustrialization must take place in conditions when it is not yet industrial scientific and technological potential, more than half destroyed during the systemic crisis, was restored. At the same time, the mechanical engineering industry (which suffered the most during the reforms) is the core of the development of many other sectors of the economy, including the electronic industry, which ensures the functioning of the modern digital economy. Moreover, now we should be talking about the restoration on a new technological basis of those industries, the loss of which will lead to rapid lagging behind the leading countries and consolidation of the regime of dependent industrial and technological development. That is, the essence of the process of reindustrialization of the domestic economy consists in the design and deployment of internal industrial-technological chains, which should create finished products, both for purely industrial and consumer purposes. The study proved that the structure of the entrepreneurial sector of Ukraine is distorted, which has led to an increase in the process of deindustrialization, with a low share of the manufacturing industry in exports. The structure of industry continues to be dominated by activities that use low and medium-low technologies (i.e. labor-intensive): furniture production (about 21%), manufacture of wood products, paper (almost 16%), food (about 13%) and textiles (12%) industry. On the contrary, the production of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations is 0.23%, computers, electronic and optical products - about 1%, motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and other vehicles - 0.83%, electrical equipment - 1.24 %, machines and equipment - about 3%. This determines the low competitiveness of Ukrainian goods on the markets, because on world markets, the most competitive goods are characterized by the aerospace, biotechnological and electrotechnical industries, instrument manufacturing, which Ukraine almost lost.Conclusion. The article emphasizes that the special task of the post-war macroeconomic policy is to give impetus to economic activity, constantly support it and create a favorable environment for long-term changes based on the cumulative strengthening of the internal driving forces of economic development. To fulfill this task, it is necessary to overcome the negative factors that hold back the process of reindustrialization of the economy and the formation of a balanced structure of the business sector, namely: the absence of investment-attractive legislation, effective guarantees for investors; the underdevelopment of legal mechanisms for regulating the market of industrial products, including the lack of effective protection against counterfeit and contraband products, ensuring a balance of interests between manufacturers and wholesale and retail trade enterprises; high cost of credit resources; inefficient structure of industrial production that does not correspond to the structure of production capacities; lack of cross-industry balance of production based on a completed technological cycle; significant lag behind the state of fixed assets from the technological level of developed countries; lack of opportunities for cooperation of industrial enterprises; high level of energy consumption of production processes, etc.