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CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCE OF THE WORKFORCE OF UKRAINE 乌克兰劳动力数字能力发展的概念基础
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).86-92
L.S. SHATALOVA
Topicality. The key role of digital competence is related to meeting the needs of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the driver of which is digitalization, which has become the main imperative of modernity. The comprehensive and dynamic nature of digital transformation causes changes in most spheres of life in society, which force people to quickly adapt to them. In such conditions, increasing the competence potential of labor resources in terms of digital competence becomes a necessary condition for the successful functioning of not only individuals and society, but also the socio-economic system in general. Digital competence is becoming transversal, which is recorded in many international documents, in particular the Framework Program of the renewed Key competences for lifelong learning of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union and the report "Towards a structured and agreed terminology of cross-cutting skills and competences" of the European Commission and the European Center for the development of vocational training. The European vector of development and the complexity of the socio-ecological and economic environment of Ukraine determine the need to build an individual trajectory of digital education of the population based on the study and implementation of the experience of the European Union in the specified field of activity.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop the conceptual foundations of the development of the digital competence of the workforce of Ukraine.Materials and methods. The information sources of the research are fundamental and applied research by domestic and foreign scientists on issues of competence potential in terms of digital literacy, as well as leading international organizations, in particular, the European Center for the Development of Professional Education, the European Commission, UNESCO, data from open sources. To achieve the goal, the methods of system analysis, logical generalization and content analysis were used.Research results. The role and significance of digital competence in the context of modern socio-economic development is considered. The concept of "digital competence" was studied from the point of view of essential content and officially defined interpretations. It is proposed to determine the levels of digital competence in economic activity in terms of the structure of business processes and the level of knowledge-intensive production on the basis of the European approach to determining the level of qualifications presented in DigComp2.1, according to which it is proposed to use depending on the complexity and level of autonomy of task performance, as well as the type cognitive operations (memorizing, understanding, applying, evaluating, creating) 4 levels of qualification: foundation, intermediate, advanced and higly specialised. It is outlined that the prospects for further research are related to the study of the criteria for determining the levels o
时事性。数字化能力的关键作用与满足第四次工业革命的需求有关,数字化是第四次工业革命的驱动力,数字化已成为现代性的主要要求。数字化转型的全面性和动态性导致社会生活的大多数领域发生变化,迫使人们迅速适应它们。在这种情况下,提高劳动力资源在数字能力方面的能力潜力,不仅成为个人和社会成功运作的必要条件,也是整个社会经济系统成功运作的必要条件。数字能力正在成为横向能力,这在许多国际文件中都有记录,特别是欧洲议会和欧盟理事会更新的终身学习关键能力框架计划,以及欧盟委员会和欧洲职业培训发展中心的报告“走向结构化和商定的交叉技能和能力术语”。欧洲的发展矢量和乌克兰社会生态和经济环境的复杂性决定了需要在研究和实施欧盟在特定活动领域的经验的基础上建立人口数字教育的个人轨迹。目标和任务。本文的目的是发展乌克兰劳动力数字能力发展的概念基础。材料和方法。研究的信息来源是国内外科学家关于数字素养能力潜力问题的基础和应用研究,以及主要国际组织,特别是欧洲专业教育发展中心,欧盟委员会,联合国教科文组织,开放来源的数据。为实现这一目标,采用了系统分析、逻辑概括和内容分析的方法。研究的结果。考虑了数字能力在现代社会经济发展背景下的作用和意义。从“数字能力”的基本内容和官方定义解释的角度研究了“数字能力”的概念。建议在确定DigComp2.1中提出的资格水平的欧洲方法的基础上,根据业务流程的结构和知识密集型生产的水平来确定经济活动中数字能力的水平,根据该方法,建议根据任务执行的复杂性和自治水平以及类型的认知操作(记忆,理解,应用,评估,创建四级资质:基础、中级、高级和高度专业化。本文概述了进一步研究的前景与确定结构化业务流程中数字能力水平的标准有关,这将有助于有效利用乌克兰人口的劳动力潜力。在经济数字化转型的条件下,数字能力具有横向特征,因为未来几乎所有职业都将具有数字组成部分。反过来,不同类别的人口数字能力的形成、应用和发展是一个复杂的长期过程,需要各种相互依存的组成部分在时间上进行协调和同步,特别是监管与法律、制度、物质与技术和人员,每一个都需要解决复杂的问题。重要的是要理解,为了有效地利用劳动潜力和提高劳动生产率,有必要根据生产过程的科学强度,保持劳动力数字能力的资格水平与任务的复杂性的对应关系。
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引用次数: 0
IMBALANCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN BUSINESS SECTOR 乌克兰商业部门发展的不平衡
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).93-105
N.L. SHLAFMAN, V.F. GORYACHUK, O. M. ZHUS, O.V. BONDARENKO
Topicality. For the post-war recovery of the country, a qualitative restoration of the regulatory environment is needed, aimed at optimizing macroeconomic processes related to the structural transformation of the business sector, the necessity of which is caused by its existing disproportions, that is, a violation of coherence, correspondence of interrelated economic processes and indicators characterizing the functioning and development certain types of business activity. This indicates the need for the formation of the ability of the business sector of Ukraine to self-renew, adaptability to crisis effects and development through qualitative changes in its technological core on the basis of digital transformation, innovativeness and the creation of favorable conditions for the development of mobilized resources (assets) in the sectoral dimension, as a basis for ensuring humanitarian and defense needs, generating high added value as a factor of general economic well-being, filling budgets and providing resources for resilient social development.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine disproportions in the development of the business sector of Ukraine as a manifestation of the deindustrialization process.Materials and methods. The material and methodical base of the research is formed by the results of the theoretical generalization of scientific works, which are covered in publications of a fundamental and applied nature, as well as statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the UN Comtrade database, and data of the World Bank. The methods of systemic, structural-logical and comparative analysis were used to solve the tasks.Research results. In contrast to developed countries, where the restart of economic growth is planned to be carried out at the expense of "new industrialization", based on the scientific and technical achievements of the sixth technological order, the essential feature of our economy is that such technological reindustrialization must take place in conditions when it is not yet industrial scientific and technological potential, more than half destroyed during the systemic crisis, was restored. At the same time, the mechanical engineering industry (which suffered the most during the reforms) is the core of the development of many other sectors of the economy, including the electronic industry, which ensures the functioning of the modern digital economy. Moreover, now we should be talking about the restoration on a new technological basis of those industries, the loss of which will lead to rapid lagging behind the leading countries and consolidation of the regime of dependent industrial and technological development. That is, the essence of the process of reindustrialization of the domestic economy consists in the design and deployment of internal industrial-technological chains, which should create finished products, both for purely industrial and consumer purposes. The study proved that the
时事性。为了该国的战后复苏,需要在质量上恢复管制环境,目的是优化与商业部门结构改革有关的宏观经济进程,这种改革的必要性是由于其现有的不均衡,即相互关联的经济进程和反映某些类型商业活动的运作和发展特征的指标缺乏一致性和对应性。这表明,需要在数字化转型、创新和为部门层面调动资源(资产)的发展创造有利条件的基础上,通过技术核心的质变,形成乌克兰商业部门自我更新、适应危机影响和发展的能力,以此作为确保人道主义和国防需求的基础。创造高附加值,作为总体经济福祉的一个因素,填补预算并为有复原力的社会发展提供资源。目标和任务。本文的目的是确定乌克兰商业部门发展的不均衡,这是去工业化进程的一种表现。材料和方法。研究的材料和方法基础是由科学工作的理论概括结果形成的,这些成果涵盖在基础和应用性质的出版物中,以及乌克兰国家统计局的统计数据,联合国商品贸易数据库和世界银行的数据。本文采用系统分析、结构逻辑分析和比较分析的方法来解决问题。研究的结果。发达国家计划以第六次技术秩序的科技成果为基础,以牺牲“新工业化”为代价重启经济增长,与之相反,我国经济的本质特征是,这种技术再工业化必须在工业科技潜力尚未恢复的条件下进行,这些潜力在系统性危机期间被摧毁了一半以上。与此同时,机械工程行业(在改革中遭受的打击最大)是许多其他经济部门发展的核心,包括电子行业,它确保了现代数字经济的运作。此外,现在我们应该谈论在新的技术基础上恢复这些工业,失去这些工业将导致迅速落后于主要国家,并巩固依赖工业和技术发展的制度。也就是说,国内经济再工业化进程的本质在于内部产业链的设计和部署,这些产业链应该创造出成品,既用于纯工业目的,也用于消费目的。研究证明,乌克兰企业部门结构扭曲,导致去工业化进程加快,制造业在出口中所占比例较低。工业结构继续被使用低技术和中低技术(即劳动密集型)的活动所主导:家具生产(约21%)、木制品制造、造纸(近16%)、食品(约13%)和纺织(12%)工业。相反,基础药品和药物制剂的生产占0.23%,计算机、电子和光学产品占约1%,机动车、挂车和半挂车和其他车辆占0.83%,电气设备占1.24%,机器和设备占约3%。这决定了乌克兰商品在市场上的竞争力较低,因为在世界市场上,最具竞争力的商品的特点是航空航天、生物技术和电工工业、仪器制造,乌克兰几乎失去了这些。文章强调,战后宏观经济政策的特殊任务是在经济发展内生动力不断增强的基础上,推动经济活动,不断支持经济活动,创造有利于长期变革的环境。
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引用次数: 0
METHODICAL PROVISION OF ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE ON THE BASIS OF SCORE-COEFFICIENT METHOD 基于得分系数法对高新技术产业企业的运行效率进行了系统的评价
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).18-26
N.V. ZAKHARCHENKO, Y.I. KOSARETSKYI, A.V. ANDREICHENKO
Topicality. The development of high-tech industrial enterprises in the conditions of the socio-economic crisis of the world economy and the state of war in Ukraine can become one of the actual promising directions for choosing a strategy for the development of Ukraine's innovative economy. This will allow the country to produce products with a high level of added value, to increase the level of export of products, which will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the domestic economy, reducing dependence on the technologies of foreign countries and leaving the shadow of the "raw material appendage", socio-economic growth and sustainable development. Such achievements are possible taking into account the evolutionary approach to the management of the development of high-tech industrial enterprises and the justification of the choice of priorities taking into account the scientific and technological component on the basis of forecasting directions of technological development and know-how, ways of developing venture investments and directions of state support for enterprises of high-tech industries, coordinated financial credit, depreciation and structural policies. For this purpose, the selection of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech industrial enterprises is relevant, one of which is the ball-coefficient method, which is studied in the article.Aim and tasks. To provide methodical support for evaluating the efficiency of the operation of a high-tech industrial enterprise based on the point-coefficient methodMaterials and Methods. The results of the comparative analysis and theoretical generalization of developments, scientific approaches to the assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech industrial enterprises are covered in publications of a fundamental, analytical and practical nature, which form the material and methodical basis of the research. The evaluation of efficiency was carried out using the point-coefficient method. This method, unlike the existing ones, is based on an integral indicator and an expert assessment based on the final evaluation of scientific and technological, industrial, organizational, social and economic potentials and additional preliminary studies.Research results. As modern real practice shows, only reforming the high-tech sector of Ukraine's economy will not solve the issue of creating real opportunities for domestic enterprises exit from the crisis. That is why the task of evaluating the effectiveness of high-tech management has arisen enterprises. For this purpose, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures for the preparation and implementation of scientific-based, scientific-technological, organizational and management solutions that have a high-tech direction and to form the appropriate methodological support for the management of high-tech activities of industrial enterprises. The prerequisites for achieving the set goals are orientatio
时事性。在世界经济的社会经济危机和乌克兰处于战争状态的条件下发展高新技术产业企业,可以成为乌克兰创新经济发展战略选择的现实有希望的方向之一。这将使该国能够生产高附加值的产品,提高产品出口水平,这将有助于提高国内经济的竞争力,减少对外国技术的依赖,摆脱“原材料附属物”、社会经济增长和可持续发展的阴影。考虑到对高技术工业企业发展的管理采用渐进的方法,以及在预测技术发展和专门知识的方向、发展风险投资的方式和国家支持高技术工业企业的方向、协调的金融信贷的基础上考虑到科学和技术成分的优先选择的理由,这些成就是可能的。贬值和结构性政策。为此,选择评价高新技术产业企业运行有效性的方法是有意义的,本文研究的方法之一是球系数法。目标和任务。为基于点系数法的高新技术产业企业经营效率评价提供方法支持。对发展的比较分析和理论概括的结果,以及评估高技术工业企业运作有效性的科学方法,都包含在基础性、分析性和实践性的出版物中,这些出版物构成了研究的物质和方法基础。采用点系数法进行效率评价。这种方法不同于现有的方法,它以综合指标和专家评价为基础,最后评价科学和技术、工业、组织、社会和经济潜力以及其他初步研究。研究的结果。正如现代实际实践所表明的那样,仅仅改革乌克兰经济的高科技部门并不能解决为国内企业摆脱危机创造真正机会的问题。这就是为什么评价高科技管理有效性的任务出现在企业面前的原因。为此目的,必须采取若干措施,编制和执行具有高技术方向的以科学为基础的、科学技术的、组织和管理的解决办法,并为工业企业的高技术活动的管理形成适当的方法支助。实现既定目标的先决条件是采用国际标准来确定高科技企业活动的效率和评价它们所生产的产品的竞争力。要确定高新技术企业的经营效率水平,就必须从总体上确定该企业的高新技术潜力。高新技术潜力不仅包括生产潜力,还包括科技潜力、组织潜力、社会潜力和环境潜力。本文提出了一种考虑专家评价的工业企业高新技术潜力单一积分指标的点系数法。其中最重要的指标之一是确定最高质量类别的科学和研究发展的具体权重。因此,对高技术项目质量认证问题进行了研究。这些认证数据纳入高新技术企业运行质量评价体系。为了扩大公司的潜力,建议使用像BPwin这样的CASE工具。在未来,这将成为开发和实施投资过程信息模型的基础,这将导致企业的进一步扩大和高科技产品的生产。这将为企业提供一个机会,根据预期绩效指标的计算,决定是否进行长期投资,以增加企业的高科技潜力。由此建立的信息模型是解决提高高新技术生产运行效率、确定技术操作机器人化经济可行限度、选择设备参数和类型等问题的基础。
{"title":"METHODICAL PROVISION OF ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE ON THE BASIS OF SCORE-COEFFICIENT METHOD","authors":"N.V. ZAKHARCHENKO, Y.I. KOSARETSKYI, A.V. ANDREICHENKO","doi":"10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).18-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).18-26","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The development of high-tech industrial enterprises in the conditions of the socio-economic crisis of the world economy and the state of war in Ukraine can become one of the actual promising directions for choosing a strategy for the development of Ukraine's innovative economy. This will allow the country to produce products with a high level of added value, to increase the level of export of products, which will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the domestic economy, reducing dependence on the technologies of foreign countries and leaving the shadow of the \"raw material appendage\", socio-economic growth and sustainable development. Such achievements are possible taking into account the evolutionary approach to the management of the development of high-tech industrial enterprises and the justification of the choice of priorities taking into account the scientific and technological component on the basis of forecasting directions of technological development and know-how, ways of developing venture investments and directions of state support for enterprises of high-tech industries, coordinated financial credit, depreciation and structural policies. For this purpose, the selection of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech industrial enterprises is relevant, one of which is the ball-coefficient method, which is studied in the article.Aim and tasks. To provide methodical support for evaluating the efficiency of the operation of a high-tech industrial enterprise based on the point-coefficient methodMaterials and Methods. The results of the comparative analysis and theoretical generalization of developments, scientific approaches to the assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech industrial enterprises are covered in publications of a fundamental, analytical and practical nature, which form the material and methodical basis of the research. The evaluation of efficiency was carried out using the point-coefficient method. This method, unlike the existing ones, is based on an integral indicator and an expert assessment based on the final evaluation of scientific and technological, industrial, organizational, social and economic potentials and additional preliminary studies.Research results. As modern real practice shows, only reforming the high-tech sector of Ukraine's economy will not solve the issue of creating real opportunities for domestic enterprises exit from the crisis. That is why the task of evaluating the effectiveness of high-tech management has arisen enterprises. For this purpose, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures for the preparation and implementation of scientific-based, scientific-technological, organizational and management solutions that have a high-tech direction and to form the appropriate methodological support for the management of high-tech activities of industrial enterprises. The prerequisites for achieving the set goals are orientatio","PeriodicalId":52598,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomichni innovatsiii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135288028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
INSTITUTIONAL EFFICIENCY AS AN IMPERATIVE OF THE POST-WAR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS IN UKRAINE 机构效率是战后乌克兰领土和经济制度创新发展的必要条件
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).27-38
H.V. KARPINSKA, I.A. TSYNALIEVSKA
Topicality. Despite numerous measures to stimulate scientific, technical and innovative development, declared by programs, legislative and departmental normative documents of Ukraine, the actual effectiveness of their implementation remains low, and priority focus on the innovative path of development did not become an integral part of it. Formal institutions should provide better legal, economic, and political institutional conditions, such as establishing strict and fair laws to protect stakeholders, reducing investment restrictions and increasing freedom for business, finance, and capital controls, as well as addressing corruption, bureaucracy, and autocracy. Such a policy is a prerequisite for creating a better investment environment and increasing the efficiency of resource allocation for the innovative development of territorial and economic systems in the context of post-war recovery of Ukraine.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to examine the theoretical-methodological and legal basis of the entrepreneurial environment in the aspect of institutional support for the development of innovative activity within territorial&economic systems. The tusk of the study is to propose measures for its improvement in the post-war period in order to recover the Ukraine’s economy on innovative bases.Materials and Methods. The research is based on results of comparative, semantic analysis and theoretical generalization of the previous studies, contemporary scientific views and empirical observations regarding the impact of institutional efficiency on investment, economic growth rates and total factor productivity (TFP) from a macroeconomic perspective. The contextual analysis results were applied to was applied to identify contradictions in the existing organizational and legal basis of the existing institutional framework for the development of territorial communities and business entities in the aspect of their innovative activity of territorial&economic systems and the overall economy of Ukraine in the post-war recovery context.Research results. The conducted research have led to a set of results, including: (1) improvement of categorical apparatus of the theory of regional management by defining the category of the "territorial&economic system", (2) determination of the main formal institutions and institutions that regulate the development of innovative activities in an entrepreneurial sector of the country and the development of territorial communities, (3) the contextual analysis of the existing institutional support conducted within the study allows for drawing conclusions that , overall, the country has developed a complex institutional environment, which is shaped by the existence of various institutions and regulations governing innovative activities.Conclusion. The Institutional support for innovative development in Ukraine has significant deficiencies, manifested in contradictions, insufficient identification of subjects and objects of t
时事性。尽管乌克兰在计划、立法和部门规范性文件中宣布了许多促进科技和创新发展的措施,但这些措施的实际执行效果仍然很低,优先关注创新发展道路并未成为其中的一个组成部分。正式机构应该提供更好的法律、经济和政治制度条件,例如建立严格和公平的法律来保护利益相关者,减少投资限制,增加商业、金融和资本控制的自由,以及解决腐败、官僚主义和独裁。这种政策是在乌克兰战后恢复的背景下为领土和经济制度的创新发展创造更好的投资环境和提高资源分配效率的先决条件。目标和任务。这篇文章的目的是研究创业环境的理论、方法和法律基础,即在地域经济体系内为创新活动的发展提供制度支持。该研究的任务是提出在战后时期的改进措施,以便在创新的基础上恢复乌克兰的经济。材料与方法。本研究从宏观经济角度对制度效率对投资、经济增长率和全要素生产率的影响进行了比较、语义分析和理论概括,并结合当代科学观点和实证观察。背景分析结果被用于识别领土社区和商业实体发展的现有体制框架的现有组织和法律基础中的矛盾,这些矛盾体现在领土经济体系的创新活动方面,以及乌克兰战后复苏背景下的整体经济。研究的结果。所进行的研究得出了一系列结果,包括:(1)通过界定“属地经济体系”的范畴,完善了区域管理理论的分类机构;(2)确定了规范国家创业部门创新活动发展和属地社区发展的主要正式机构和机构;(3)在研究中对现有机构支持进行的背景分析,可以得出以下结论:这个国家已经形成了一个复杂的制度环境,这是由管理创新活动的各种制度和法规形成的。乌克兰对创新发展的制度支持存在明显不足,主要表现为矛盾、创新过程的主体和客体识别不足、资源配置不足。这一问题严重阻碍了地域经济体系的创新发展,并在某种程度上使其无法实现。国家创新体系的战略和管理仍然支离破碎,效率相对低下,缺乏协调。在不同的政府机构之间,没有明确的角色和责任划分,包括财政部门。由于国家预算中缺乏相应的拨款,超过一半的创新项目没有得到资助。与以往方案文件中确定的财政承诺相比,《年度预算法》得到了优先考虑。
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引用次数: 0
REGULATION OF THE STATE ECONOMY IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD ON THE BASIS OF SELECTIVE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION 战后国家经济在选择性进口替代基础上的调控
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).39-48
V.M. LISYUK, T.P. LOZOVA, S.O. KRAMSKYI, K.V. SKOPTSOV
Topicality. Today's drastic changes in the global market situation affect domestic economies, both developed and that are not. Under such influence, not only the structure of the economy changes, but also relationships. Moreover, the impact on the latter is more noticeable, which should be taken into account by governments, the system of resource distribution and, in general, the system of its regulation.The motivations for states to apply the policy of selective import substitution are due to the need to take into account and adapt to changes in the global market situation.The proposed author's vision and possible forecast of the state of the economy and those problems that may arise for the country and regions as a result of economic losses from military operations. The need for a selective approach to the regulation of commodity markets with the mandatory participation of state and regional management bodies and corporations is substantiated. The methodological essence of it is presented with the disclosure of regulatory mechanisms, functions and powers of the subjects of the regulatory system. The research is intended to determine and substantiate the directions of operational regulation, formed and formed in the post-war period of the economic system and its further development.Aim and tasks: development of an effective approach to regulating the state economy in the post-war period on the basis of selective import substitution.The tasks that were set before the research to achieve the goal are reduced to the following definitions:-general theoretical provisions of the theory of import substitution and the possibilities of their application in the post-war conditions of Ukraine;-peculiarities and principles of motivating motives for the application of import substitution policy in the post-war period;-effective approaches to introducing a selective policy of import substitution in the post-war period;-mechanisms and measures of implementation of import substitution policy.Research materials and methods are based on: data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the World Bank, publications of scientific articles and mass media, historical experience, dynamic comparison, content analysis, grouping, classification, modeling, forecasting, etc.Research results of studies include:- definition (clarification) of the essence of the policy of selective import substitution;- justification of the need to combine two theories - import substitution and selective regulation;- determination of the motivations for the introduction of the policy of selective import substitution in the state in relation to the appropriate time and state of the economy of its strategic markets;- a methodical approach to the definition and selection of economic mechanisms that can and should implement the policy of selective import substitution in the country;- defined sectors of the national economy and markets to which targeted regulation should be applied in the first pl
时事性。当今全球市场形势的剧烈变化影响到国内经济,无论是发达国家还是不发达国家。在这种影响下,不仅经济结构发生了变化,而且关系也发生了变化。此外,对后者的影响更为明显,各国政府、资源分配制度以及总体上的资源管理制度都应考虑到这一点。各国实施选择性进口替代政策的动机是考虑和适应全球市场形势变化的需要。拟议作者对经济状况的看法和可能的预测,以及由于军事行动造成的经济损失可能给国家和地区带来的问题。有必要在国家和区域管理机构和公司的强制性参与下对商品市场采取有选择的办法。它的方法论本质在于对监管机制、监管主体的职能和权力的披露。本研究旨在确定和实证战后经济体制形成和形成的运行调控方向及其进一步发展。目的和任务:在选择性进口替代的基础上,发展一种有效的战后国家经济调节方法。为了实现这一目标,在研究之前所设定的任务被简化为以下几个定义:进口替代理论的一般理论规定及其在乌克兰战后条件下应用的可能性;战后实施进口替代政策的激励动机的特点和原则;战后引入选择性进口替代政策的有效途径进口替代政策的实施措施。研究材料和方法基于:乌克兰国家统计局、世界银行的数据、科学文章和大众媒体的出版物、历史经验、动态比较、内容分析、分组、分类、建模、预测、研究结果包括:-对选择性进口替代政策本质的界定(澄清);-对进口替代和选择性监管两种理论相结合的必要性的论证;-确定国家在其战略市场的适当时间和经济状况下引入选择性进口替代政策的动机;-对经济政策的定义和选择的系统方法能够和应该在国内实施选择性进口替代政策的机制;-首先应该实施针对性监管的确定的国民经济部门和市场;-确定可用于实施选择性进口替代政策的复杂机制的建议方法以及从中选择目标任务。在研究期间获得的结论总结如下:-国家在危机后(战后)时期的主要任务,顺便说一下,在所有其他过渡时期,是保存资源(人力,自然,基础设施,能源,粮食等);-因此,这些资源作为商品流通的市场必须受到严格的国家控制,并且在危机,战争期间,他们遭受重大损失,失去他们的资产,资源,它们受到严格的有针对性的监管;-对于失去了很大一部分资源的后危机国家(包括乌克兰)来说,对市场进行经济监管的最合适和有效的方法是选择性进口替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
THEORETICAL BASICS OF STUDYING STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE RESOURCE PROVISION OF THE BUSINESS SECTOR 研究商业部门资源供给结构变化的理论基础
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).76-85
I.A. TOPALOVA
Topicality. Ukraine is in difficult circumstances related to the military aggression of a neighboring country. These circumstances affected the socio-economic conditions: the fall in the level of GDP, the reduction of production processes, internal and external migration of the population, a decrease in the pace of technological development, a decrease in the number of business entities, a decrease in the capacities of enterprises, an increase in unemployment, a decrease in the welfare and quality of life of the population. Undoubtedly, this led to structural changes in the economy of Ukraine and its regions.Aim and tasks. The purpose of this scientific article is to develop the theoretical foundations of the study of structural changes in resource provision of the entrepreneurial sector. This goal made it possible to formulate the following tasks: define the concept of "resource provision of the entrepreneurial sector"; to improve the classification of structural changes: by levels of management (from the point of view of the types of structural changes and the potential capabilities of the system as a result of overcoming them); to systematize theories of economic growth and smoothing of structural changes in the economy; generalize the principles of overcoming structural changes in resource provision and the ways of their implementation in the economy of Ukraine.Materials and Methods. This study was carried out on the basis of the use of the comparative method, elementary theoretical analysis and synthesis, methods of empirical research, the method of scientific knowledge, classification and analogy, the method of scientific knowledge. Data of the Statistical Service of Ukraine, materials of scientific publications and researches, own scientific developments were also used.Research results. The impact of structural changes on such areas as: socio-societal; spatial and territorial; technological and production; organizational and managerial; foreign economic/international. The changes themselves are considered at the following levels: global, state, regional, branch, local, entrepreneurial (firm), as well as in various spheres of activity (economy, society, resource provision, etc.). The work classifies structural changes by management levels: global (world) changes; national (macroeconomic) changes; regional (territorial) changes; sectorial (industry) changes and entrepreneurial (micro) changes. In addition, structural changes are classified by functional component: technical and technological; institutional; reproductive; territorial and spatial. The main challenges of the Ukrainian economy in peacetime and wartime have been identified. The main methods ("cost-output", structural analysis, portfolio analysis, econometric analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of the dynamics of transactional and transformational costs) and structural change approaches (evolutionary, institutional, synergistic, cybernetic, structural, neoclassical, innovative-te
时事性。乌克兰由于邻国的军事侵略而处于困难的境地。这些情况影响到社会经济条件:国内生产总值水平下降,生产过程减少,人口内部和外部移徙,技术发展速度减慢,商业实体数量减少,企业能力下降,失业增加,人口福利和生活质量下降。毫无疑问,这导致了乌克兰及其地区经济的结构性变化。目标和任务。本文旨在为创业部门资源供给结构变化的研究提供理论基础。这一目标使制订下列任务成为可能:确定“企业部门提供资源”的概念;改进结构变化的分类:按管理级别(从结构变化的类型和系统克服这些变化的潜在能力的角度);使经济增长理论和经济结构变化平滑理论系统化;概述克服资源供应结构性变化的原则及其在乌克兰经济中的实施方式。材料与方法。本研究是在运用比较法、初级理论分析与综合、实证研究法、科学知识法、分类与类比法、科学知识法的基础上进行的。还使用了乌克兰统计局的数据、科学出版物和研究材料、本国的科学发展。研究的结果。结构变化对以下领域的影响:社会-社会;空间和领土;技术和生产;组织和管理;外国经济/国际。这些变化本身是在以下几个层面上考虑的:全球、国家、地区、分支、地方、企业(公司),以及各种活动领域(经济、社会、资源提供等)。该工作按管理级别对结构变化进行分类:全球(世界)变化;国家(宏观经济)变化;区域(领土)变化;部门(行业)变化和企业(微观)变化。此外,结构变化按功能成分分类:技术性和技术性;机构;生殖;领土和空间。乌克兰经济在和平时期和战争时期面临的主要挑战已经确定。主要方法(“成本产出”、结构分析、投资组合分析、计量经济学分析、聚类分析、交易和转换成本的动态分析)和结构变化方法(进化、制度、协同、控制论、结构、新古典、创新技术)被考虑。根据地域统一性的特点,考察国家和地区经济增长的主要理论(累积增长、负结构变化的自然发生、负结构变化的发生与经济增长的关系、负结构变化的调控、技术增长、创新发展对负结构变化的影响)。商业活动的效力和效率在于查明消极的结构变化、制订消除这些变化的方法、对这些过程作出管制和法律规定、发展管制机制、查明责任人以及在他们之间建立明确的沟通过程。因此,克服经济中负面结构性变化的关键可能是:加强国家管理和监管;平衡国家、区域和地方各级市场自律;国家倡议和参与区域转型进程;发展理论和方法方法和原则,以克服国家及其区域发展中的消极变化。这篇科学文章是在NDR“基于弹性经济发展的乌克兰企业部门结构转型机制”的框架内进行的(代码:3.1.8.84/B)。
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引用次数: 0
TRANSFORMATION OF STATE MARKETING IN THE SYSTEMS OF COMMODITY MARKETS DURING THE WAR AND POST-WAR PERIODS 战时和战后时期国家市场在商品市场体制中的转变
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).55-65
O.V. NIKISHYNA, M.L. TARAKANOV, O.O. ZERKINA
Topicality. State marketing is one of the adaptive tools for selective regulation of commodity market systems in conditions of instability. The basis of state marketing is the identification and realization of socio-economic interests of society, which is the ultimate goal of state policy. In wartime and post-war periods, the vector of state selective regulation should be endogenously oriented, primarily to meet domestic consumer needs by intensifying the activities of processing sectors, preserving the capacity of existing commodity markets and forming new markets for innovative value-added products. Public marketing tools adapted, on the one hand, to the specifics of the reproduction processes of the relevant markets, and, on the other hand, to security risks and environmental variability, can play an important role in the implementation of strategic tasks of selective regulation of commodity market systems.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical foundations of the transformation of state marketing in the system of commodity markets, and promising instruments of state marketing for selective regulation of strategic markets in the wartime and post-war periods. Objectives of the study: to define the theoretical essence of state marketing in the system of commodity markets; to carry out a comparative characterization of micromarketing (enterprise marketing) and state marketing of commodity markets by the main features; to substantiate the importance of social orientation of state marketing in wartime based on the analysis of factors influencing the economic availability of food for the population; to identify promising marketing tools for restoring domestic commodity markets and realizing the potential of the state.Materials and Methods. The results of the theoretical generalization of scientific works and methodological approaches in the field of state marketing, which are covered in publications of fundamental and applied nature, as well as analytical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the National Bank of Ukraine form the information and methodological basis of the study. To solve the tasks set, the methods of systematic, structural and logical, comparative, and statistical analysis were used.Research results. On the basis of a comparative analysis of state marketing and micromarketing, the leading characteristics and conditions for the transformation of state marketing instruments are determined, which should be based on the coordination of market goals of producers with the priority socio-economic tasks of resilient development of the state in the wartime and postwar periods. The author establishes a binary social and production goal of using the State marketing aimed at stimulating both rational consumer demand and social orientation of market participants. The immanent characteristics of the State marketing are defined, which in modern conditions of instability have an adaptive nature, aime
时事性。国家市场营销是在不稳定条件下对商品市场系统进行选择性调节的适应性工具之一。国家营销的基础是对社会经济利益的认同和实现,这是国家政策的最终目标。在战时和战后时期,国家选择性管制的媒介应面向国内,主要是通过加强加工部门的活动、保持现有商品市场的能力和形成创新增值产品的新市场来满足国内消费者的需要。一方面适应有关市场再生产过程的具体情况,另一方面适应安全风险和环境变化的公共营销工具,可以在执行选择性调节商品市场制度的战略任务方面发挥重要作用。目标和任务。本文的目的是证实国家营销在商品市场体系中的转变的理论基础,以及在战时和战后时期国家营销对战略市场进行选择性调节的有前途的工具。研究目的:明确商品市场体系中国家营销的理论本质;对商品市场的微营销(企业营销)和国家营销的主要特征进行比较表征;在分析影响人口粮食经济供应的因素的基础上,论证战时国家营销的社会导向的重要性;为恢复国内商品市场和实现国家潜力确定有前景的营销手段。材料与方法。对国家营销领域的科学工作和方法方法进行理论概括的结果,包括基础和应用性质的出版物,以及乌克兰国家统计局和乌克兰国家银行的分析数据,构成了这项研究的资料和方法基础。采用系统分析、结构逻辑分析、比较分析、统计分析等方法对任务集进行求解。研究的结果。在对国家营销与微观营销进行比较分析的基础上,确定了国家营销手段转型的主要特征和条件,这种转型应基于生产者的市场目标与战时和战后国家弹性发展的优先社会经济任务的协调。笔者建立了利用国家营销的社会和生产二元目标,旨在刺激市场参与者的理性消费需求和社会取向。定义了国家营销的内在特征,在现代不稳定条件下具有适应性,旨在相邻商品市场的再生产发展,供需的空间和时间协调,以及实施营销活动的战略层面。事实证明,在战后时期,公共采购和政府订单,包括绿色采购,可以成为恢复国内商品市场和实施乌克兰战后恢复计划第8项目“发展增值经济部门”任务的有希望的营销工具。此外,国家营销工具可以在实施到2030年国家经济战略的战略目标中找到实际应用,在市场层面。本研究的科学新颖性在于发展了国家营销在商品市场体系中转型的理论基础,证实了国家营销的本质特征,其适应性和社会性,使营销工具能够在安全风险和内部转型的背景下有针对性地应用于商品市场的选择性调控。解决战时和战后韧性发展的战略任务。所获得的结果的实际意义取决于,在以适应性方法为基础,完善战略性市场的选择性监管机制的过程中,各级当局在商品市场系统中运用国家营销的科学和实用原则的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
UKRAINIAN CBDC E-HRYVNYA: CHALLENGES OF INTRODUCTION AND OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF BUSINESS PROCESSES IN COMMERCIAL BANKS 乌克兰CBDC e-hryvnya:引入的挑战和提高商业银行业务流程效率的机遇
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).49-54
D. MASLOV
Topicality. This paper explores the implementation of a CBDC and its potential benefits and challenges. With the rapid growth of cryptocurrencies and their increasing usage by consumers, central banks face the need to address the evolving landscape of digital transactions. The research explores the connection between the CBDC and business processes in the Ukrainian economy.Aim and tasks. Main purpose of this paper is to investigate the issues related to the potential impact of introducing the e-hryvnia on business processes occurring in the Ukrainian commercial banks as well as suggest some indicators that could be used to evaluate the efficiency of e-hryvnya implementation.Materials and Methods. The paper uses comparative analysis of potential approaches for implementing a CBDC. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the authoritarian and democratic approaches, analyzing their implications for monetary control and user adoption. The paper proposes several indicators and metrics to assess the success and efficiency of CBDC implementation.Research results. There are two main ways to implement a CBDC to achieve widespread adoption. Authoritarian, which means strengthening the administrative levers of the state and weakening monetary control, and democratic, which will allow strengthening the possibilities of monetary policy. It is the democratic one that is more suitable for Ukraine. The effectiveness of the introduction of the CBDC can be assessed by the indicators of the distribution of the e-hryvnia and the increase in the efficiency of business processes in commercial banks.Conclusion. This research advocates for a democratic approach to CBDC implementation, emphasizing the need for attractiveness, user anonymity, and enhanced monetary policy possibilities. The proposed indicators and analysis framework provide a means to assess the success of CBDC adoption. Collaboration between central banks and commercial banks is also emphasized to ensure seamless integration and maximize the potential benefits of CBDC.
时事性。本文探讨了CBDC的实施及其潜在的好处和挑战。随着加密货币的快速增长和消费者越来越多地使用加密货币,各国央行面临着应对不断变化的数字交易格局的需要。该研究探讨了乌克兰经济中CBDC与业务流程之间的联系。目标和任务。本文的主要目的是调查与引入电子格里夫纳对乌克兰商业银行业务流程的潜在影响有关的问题,并提出一些可用于评估电子格里夫纳实施效率的指标。材料与方法。本文对实施CBDC的潜在方法进行了比较分析。它讨论了专制和民主方法的优缺点,分析了它们对货币控制和用户采用的影响。本文提出了几个指标和指标来评估CBDC实施的成功和效率。研究的结果。实施CBDC以实现广泛采用的主要方法有两种。威权主义,这意味着加强国家的行政杠杆,削弱货币控制;民主主义,这将允许加强货币政策的可能性。民主的方式更适合乌克兰。引入CBDC的有效性可以通过电子格里夫纳的分布指标和商业银行业务流程效率的提高来评估。这项研究提倡以民主的方式实施CBDC,强调对吸引力、用户匿名性和增强货币政策可能性的需求。拟议的指标和分析框架为评估采用CBDC的成功提供了一种手段。中央银行和商业银行之间的合作也被强调,以确保无缝整合和最大限度地发挥CBDC的潜在效益。
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引用次数: 0
THE TENDENCIES OF OBJECTIFIED LABOR UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY AND FACTORS AFFECTING IT 经济数字化影响下的劳动物化趋势及影响因素
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).6-17
S.A. DANYLINA
Topicality. Researchers increasingly define the economy of developed countries as industrial, and the current stage of its development is characterized as new industrialization. At the same time, new industrialization is defined as a necessary development model for the transformational economy of Ukraine. The meaning of the new industrialization is associated with the processes of significant, radical changes in the productive forces, which accelerated in the last decade. Among the features that characterize the development of productive forces, the main one is considered a radical change in technology. Such a change requires first significant resources invested in basic and applied science, and then huge investments in new fixed capital. Those manufacturers, economies and countries that manage to adapt new achievements of scientific and technological progress to their business processes in a timely manner will win in the competition.Aim and tasks. To study the trends of changes in embodied labor under the influence of the digitalization of the economy and to single out the factors affecting it.Materials and Methods. The results of the analysis and theoretical generalization of developments, scientific approaches to the analysis of trends in changes in embodied labor under the influence of digitalization of the economy, which are covered in publications of a fundamental, analytical, and practical nature, as well as official statistical data, analytical materials of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Center for Economic Development, McKinsey&Company reports, UNIDO and Robo Advisor Statistics form the material and methodological basis of the research. The study of trends in changes in embodied labor under the influence of digitalization of the economy and influencing factors was carried out using methods of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis.Research results. On the basis of the use of the method of scientific abstraction (dialectical materialism), analysis and synthesis, the trends of changes in embodied labor under the influence of the digitalization of the economy and influencing factors were studied and systematized, namely: the study of automation and robotization of enterprises was carried out; the emergence of digital means in production and the impact of the Internet of Things are considered; analyzed the change in the structure of reproduction under the influence of digitalization of production; the emergence of global digital platforms and the creation of value-added chains are considered; the transition from labor to capital and the growth of the organic structure of capital are investigated.Conclusion. Today, a system of advanced reproduction of high technologies is being formed in the world, the basis of which are automated, robotic, waste-free and unmanned productions. Therefore, a practical way to solve the problems of socio-economic development in Ukraine is the formation of a system of extended reproduction of
时事性。研究者们越来越多地将发达国家的经济定义为工业经济,其当前发展阶段的特征是新型工业化。同时,新型工业化被确定为乌克兰转型经济的必然发展模式。新型工业化的意义与生产力的重大而根本的变化过程有关,这种变化在过去十年中加速了。在生产力发展的特征中,最主要的特征被认为是技术的彻底变革。这种变化首先需要在基础科学和应用科学上投入大量资源,然后对新的固定资本进行巨额投资。那些能够及时将科技进步的新成果应用于其业务流程的制造商、经济体和国家将在竞争中获胜。目标和任务。研究经济数字化影响下体现劳动的变化趋势,并找出影响体现劳动变化的因素。材料与方法。对发展的分析和理论概括的结果,对经济数字化影响下具象化劳动变化趋势分析的科学方法,涵盖在基础、分析和实用性质的出版物中,以及官方统计数据、乌克兰内阁部长、经济发展中心、麦肯锡公司报告的分析材料中,工发组织和机器人顾问统计构成了这项研究的材料和方法基础。采用科学的抽象、分析和综合的方法,对经济数字化影响下的体现劳动变化趋势及影响因素进行了研究。研究的结果。在运用科学抽象(辩证唯物主义)分析综合方法的基础上,对经济数字化影响下的体现劳动变化趋势及影响因素进行了研究和系统化,即:开展企业自动化、机器人化研究;考虑了生产中数字手段的出现和物联网的影响;分析了生产数字化影响下再生产结构的变化;考虑到全球数字平台的出现和增值链的创建;考察了从劳动向资本的转变和资本有机结构的成长。今天,世界上正在形成一个高科技的先进再生产体系,其基础是自动化、机器人、无废物和无人化的生产。因此,解决乌克兰社会经济发展问题的现实途径是形成新工业类型的延伸再生产体系。它必须再生产的直接目标将是国有与私营相结合的高技术民族产业资本。每一种资本都必须在国民经济中发挥其作用。在私人资本无力承担纳税人和其他社会成员支付的社会成本时,公共资本必须发挥作用。要形成自己的附加值产业链,而不是去迎合别人的附加值产业链,这样才能融入国内公司和跨国公司。附加值的最大化将意味着其主要要素——工资、国家预算收入和资本投资——将会增加。总最终需求及其组成部分——雇员、政府和内部公积金的收入——将会增长。新型工业化的基本产品是自动化、机器人、数字化节能、认知技术和工作场所。这些高科技产品的生产可以成为国家民族复兴战略的基础。
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引用次数: 0
STIMULATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY OF THE RURAL POPULATION IN THE MOUNTAINOUS TERRITORIES OF TRANSCARPATHIA 刺激喀尔巴阡山脉山区农村人口的创业活动
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.31520/ei.2023.25.2(87).66-75
M.I. PITIULYCH, V.P. MIKLOVDA, V.V. HOBLYK, S.V. SEMBER
Topicality. Transcarpathian region is characterized by clearly expressed spatial vertical zoning, which includes lowland, foothills, and mountain natural and economic zones. These administrative-territorial formations differ among themselves in terms of natural and climatic conditions and resource-production potential, which imposes a certain specificity on economic activity and creates unequal economic conditions. The situation is particularly difficult in mountain settlements, the vast majority of which are underdeveloped. As a result, the vast majority of mountain villages found themselves in a state of stagnation, they are characterized by a low intensity of economic activity, a poorly diversified structure of the economy, insufficient scientific and technical potential, and a poorly developed industrial and social infrastructure. Systematic studies of transformational processes in mountain settlements convincingly prove that one of the promising ways out of the crisis situation is to increase the social activity of the rural population by involving them in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity and commerce.Hence the relevance and increased interest of the scientific community in the analysis of the state and trends in the development of entrepreneurship in the mountain settlements of the region.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate the main trends in the development of entrepreneurial activity in the mountain settlements of the Transcarpathian region and the formation of effective mechanisms and incentives for the entrepreneurial activity of the rural population.Materials and Methods. The following methods were used when writing the paper: abstract-logical (to study the stratification of the goals of entrepreneurs), retrospective (to compare the obtained data with the previous period), system analysis (to find out the state and trends of business development), prognostic (to form state policy for the development of mountain areas), sociological monitoring (to obtain information on the formation of adaptation strategies for the development of entrepreneurship).Research results. In accordance with the set goal, the article pays considerable attention to the analysis of economic strategies and related stratification goals of rural entrepreneurs operating in the priority areas of the economy in the mountain settlements of the region. On the basis of the results of sociological monitoring, motivational factors have been identified that became an incentive to entrepreneurial activity, as well as those that inhibit business development. In the process of monitoring, considerable attention is paid to the study of respondents' opinions regarding the perspective of the vision of their own business development, their intentions regarding the attraction of investments in its development. Conceptually, the article presents the author's vision of solving a complex set of problems that can give a significant impetus to the act
时事性。跨喀尔巴阡地区具有明显的空间垂直分区特征,包括低地、丘陵和山地自然经济区。这些行政领土形态在自然和气候条件以及资源生产潜力方面各不相同,这使经济活动具有一定的特殊性,并造成不平等的经济条件。山区住区的情况尤其困难,其中绝大多数是不发达的。结果,绝大多数山村处于停滞状态,其特点是经济活动强度低,经济结构不多样化,科学和技术潜力不足,工业和社会基础设施不发达。对山区住区转型过程的系统研究令人信服地证明,摆脱危机形势的有希望的途径之一是通过使农村人口参与企业活动和商业领域来增加他们的社会活动。因此,科学界对分析该地区山区定居点创业发展的状况和趋势的相关性和兴趣增加了。目标和任务。本研究的目的是分析和评价喀尔巴阡山脉地区山区住区创业活动发展的主要趋势,以及农村人口创业活动的有效机制和激励机制的形成。材料与方法。在撰写论文时,使用了以下方法:抽象逻辑(研究企业家目标的分层),回顾性(将获得的数据与前期进行比较),系统分析(找出企业发展的状态和趋势),预测(形成山区发展的国家政策),社会学监测(获取形成创业发展适应策略的信息)。研究的结果。根据设定的目标,本文着重分析了该地区山地聚落经济重点区域农村企业家的经济战略和相关分层目标。根据社会学监测的结果,已经确定了成为企业活动的激励因素,以及那些阻碍商业发展的因素。在监测过程中,相当重视研究受访者对其自身业务发展前景的看法,以及他们对其发展吸引投资的意图。从概念上讲,这篇文章提出了作者解决一系列复杂问题的设想,这些问题可以大大推动山区住区企业活动的活跃,并使广大人口参与商业和商业领域。实践证明,要激活创业活动,必须通过《国家农村工业发展规划》,将其作为山区居民点经济的一个基本组成部分,并制定一系列关于国家支持和鼓励山区人口创业活动的立法法案。这项工作的实际意义在于确定在山区形成有效商业环境的方法和使用能够激活人口商业活动的经济工具。
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Ekonomichni innovatsiii
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