Louis Pasteur, from physical chemistry to biology

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Abstract

Louis Pasteur commença ses travaux de recherche scientifique par des études de cristallographie, qui le conduisirent à distinguer différentes formes d’acides tartriques et de tartrates. Sa nomination à l’université de Lille, dans un environnement industriel qui lui fit étudier les alcools amyliques, contribua à réorienter son activité scientifique, mais il restait surtout mu par son hypothèse selon laquelle la « dissymétrie optique » était l’apanage du vivant. Butant sur l’inactivité optique de certains composés organiques, il abandonna progressivement une recherche pour laquelle manquaient des concepts chimiques qui ne furent élaborés que plus tard, par d’autres, pour étudier des fermentations, avant d’aller explorer les micro-organismes qui causaient ces dernières. Louis Pasteur began his scientific research with crystallographic studies, which led him to distinguish different forms of tartaric acids and tartarates. His appointment to the University of Lille, in an industrial environment that led him to study amyl alcohols, helped to reorient his scientific activity, but he remained mainly driven by his hypothesis that “molecular dissymmetry” was the prerogative of the living. Stumbling on the optical inactivity of certain organic compounds, he progressively abandoned a research for which chemical concepts were missing and which were only elaborated later, by others, to study fermentation, before going to explore the micro-organisms which caused them.
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路易斯·巴斯德,从物理化学到生物学
路易斯·巴斯德从晶体学的研究开始了他的科学研究,这使他区分了不同形式的酒石酸和酒石酸。他被任命到里尔大学,在一个工业环境中研究淀粉醇,这有助于他重新定位他的科学活动,但最重要的是,他仍然被他的假设所感动,即“光学不对称”是生物的专利。由于某些有机化合物在光学上不活跃,他逐渐放弃了一项缺乏化学概念的研究,而化学概念后来被其他人发展起来,用于研究发酵,然后去探索引起发酵的微生物。Louis Pasteur平常his scientific research avec lui crystallographic studies), which led to different)区分forms of tartaric汽and tartarates。他被任命到里尔大学,在一个工业环境中研究amyl醇,帮助他重新指导他的科学活动,但他仍然主要受到他的假设的推动,即“分子不平衡”是生活的权利。由于对某些有机化合物的光学不活性感到怀疑,他放弃了对化学概念缺乏的研究,并在探索引起这些概念的微生物之前,对发酵进行了进一步的研究。
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