Current views and prospects relating to the use of statins in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

Abstract

The objective of this study is to examine the existing evidence concerning the utilization of statins in individuals diagnosed with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, present substantial challenges to public health worldwide. The use of statins in these conditions has been a subject of concern due to potential liver injury risks. However, recent evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies suggests that statins may have positive effects on disease progression, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma prevention. These cholesterol-lowering drugs exhibit pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and antiangiogenic properties, which contribute to their potential benefits in chronic liver disease. While further research and randomized controlled trials are needed, statins offer a promising therapeutic avenue to prevent disease progression and improve outcomes in patients with chronic liver diseases. Despite the global burden of chronic liver diseases and the limited availability of effective medications, statins have emerged as potential agents to address these conditions. Their primary cholesterol-lowering effect is complemented by additional mechanisms that positively impact inflammation, fibrosis, endothelial function, thrombosis, and coagulation. Although concerns persist regarding their hepatotoxic risks, studies have demonstrated the potential of statins to reduce the risk of disease progression, hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma development, and mortality. Nonetheless, further large-scale randomized controlled trials focusing on clinical endpoints are necessary to ascertain the efficacy and safety of statin treatment in chronic liver diseases. Overall, statins hold promise as a valuable addition to the treatment armamentarium for chronic liver diseases, warranting further investigation and consideration in clinical practice.