Antimicrobial potential of polyphenols obtained from agro-industrial by-products

Andrei Cristian Anghel, Ionelia Țăranu
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Abstract

Abstract Antibiotics and zinc oxide are therapeutic agents widely used in the livestock industries, reducing significantly the negative effects of weaning by improving the growth rate and decreasing mortality. Although, due to the potential public and environmental risks associated with antibiotic resistance and soil pollution their use in the E.U. has been drastically reduced or banned, thus, alternative solutions been necessary to be develop. The addition of polyphenols to animal feed has shown promising results, as they have a broad antimicrobial activity including against E. coli F4 (K88). Moreover, it has been observed to hold a wide range of beneficial properties such as antidiarrhoeic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. In the present study in vitro experiments were performed in order to investigate the antimicrobial activity of several polyphenolic extracts obtained from mustard seed meals of two origins (Poland and Moldavia), grape seed meal, sea buckthorn seed meal, rapeseed meal, and rapeseed meal fermented with S. cerevisiae, against E. coli F4 (K88) proliferation measured at different intervals for 24 hours. The results revealed that polyphenols have a considerable antimicrobial effect in high concentrations. The inhibition was dependent also on polyphenol composition and even the origin place. Withal, it was observed that the polyphenols extracted from rapeseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal presented noticeable differences in inhibition, in similar concentrations, this suggesting that the fermentation process considerably affects the profile of rapeseed meal polyphenols. Likewise for the Moldavian mustard seed extract which significantly inhibited bacterial growth from very low concentrations although it had a low concentration of total polyphenols. Thus, the polyphenolic content of fermented rape seed meal extract presented an enhanced antimicrobial activity against E. coli F4 (K88) compared with the non-fermented rape seed meal extract. Although the total polyphenol concentration was lower in FRSM than in RSM. Polyphenols extracted from Moldavia mustard seed meal exhibited remarkable efficacy in inhibiting bacterial growth. Notably, even at a concentration as low as 3.71 µg/ml, the polyphenols demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, effectively combating bacterial development. Overall, our study demonstrated that polyphenols represent a promising substitute for antibiotics and zinc oxide and might represent an encouraging long-term solution in overcoming the weaning crisis in pigs. In vivo experimentations are needed to validate these results.
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农工副产品中多酚类化合物的抗菌潜力
摘要抗生素和氧化锌是广泛应用于畜牧业的治疗药物,通过提高生长速度和降低死亡率,显著减少断奶的负面影响。虽然,由于抗生素耐药性和土壤污染带来的潜在公共和环境风险,它们在欧盟的使用已大幅减少或禁止,因此,有必要开发替代解决方案。在动物饲料中添加多酚已显示出良好的效果,因为它们具有广泛的抗菌活性,包括抗大肠杆菌F4 (K88)。此外,它已被观察到具有广泛的有益特性,如抗腹泻,抗炎和抗氧化活性。在体外实验中,研究了从两种产地(波兰和摩尔多瓦)的芥菜籽粕、葡萄籽粕、沙棘籽粕、菜籽粕和酵母发酵的菜籽粕中提取的几种多酚提取物对大肠杆菌F4 (K88)增殖的抑菌活性,测定了不同时间间隔24小时的抑菌活性。结果表明,多酚在高浓度下具有显著的抗菌作用。对多酚的抑制作用也与多酚的组成和产地有关。此外,在相同浓度下,从菜籽粕中提取的多酚和发酵的菜籽粕中提取的多酚在抑制作用上存在显著差异,这表明发酵过程对菜籽粕中多酚的分布有很大影响。同样,摩尔多瓦芥菜籽提取物也能显著抑制细菌生长,尽管它的总多酚含量很低。由此可见,与未发酵的油菜籽粕提取物相比,发酵后的油菜籽粕提取物的多酚含量对大肠杆菌F4 (K88)的抑菌活性增强。尽管FRSM的总多酚浓度低于RSM。从芥菜籽粕中提取的多酚具有显著的抑制细菌生长的作用。值得注意的是,即使在低至3.71 μ g/ml的浓度下,多酚也表现出显著的抗菌活性,有效地抑制细菌的生长。总的来说,我们的研究表明,多酚是抗生素和氧化锌的一个有希望的替代品,可能是克服猪断奶危机的一个令人鼓舞的长期解决方案。需要进行体内实验来验证这些结果。
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