Sleep Quality, Sleep Efficiency, and Perceived Stress after Synchronous Virtual Mindfulness Meditation Sessions for Higher Education Students

Abstract

This study examined the effects of virtual mindfulness meditation programming on sleep efficiency using wearable tracking devices, as well as effects on sleep quality and perceived stress in higher education students. A one-group, pretest-posttest design with convenience sampling and rolling recruitment over a six-month period resulted in twenty-five participants who completed the study and were included in data analysis. Paired t-tests were used to determine statistical significance for sleep efficiency measured using the Fitbit Inspire 2, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) total scores. Significance was observed in positive outcomes for sleep quality (p = 0.010) and perceived stress (p = 0.032). Sleep efficiency resulted in no significant change (p = 0.063). The synchronous virtual program had a positive effect on the sleep quality and perceived stress; however, the use of wearables should be integrated with caution. Higher education students and professionals at higher education institutions may consider non-pharmacological approaches to treating stress and sleep.