Who Gets the Credit for Success and the Blame for Failure? On the Links Between Narcissism and Self- and Group-Serving Biases

IF 3.6 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL European Journal of Personality Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI:10.1177/08902070231199366
Livia Kraft, Johannes Zimmermann, Stefan C Schmukle, Anna Z Czarna, Maciej Sekerdej, Michael Dufner
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Abstract

People often attribute success to themselves and failure to others. Past research indicates that this tendency toward self-serving attributions is pronounced among individuals high in trait narcissism. The aim of this registered report was to re-visit the link between narcissism and self-serving attributions by studying attributions in a group context and by distinguishing between two major dimensions of grandiose narcissism, admiration, and rivalry. We conducted a group study, ( N = 422 participants nested in 54 groups), in which participants of each group were randomly assigned to one of two teams which then engaged in an intergroup competition. In line with our hypotheses, admiration predicted the tendency to take personal credit for success. Contrary to our hypotheses, rivalry did not uniquely predict the tendency to blame others for failure. Instead, admiration uniquely predicted the tendency to attribute negative team outcomes to unfairness of the competing outgroup. Explorative analyses further revealed that both admiration and rivalry were associated with the tendency to attribute negative, rather than positive, team outcomes to chance. Taken together, the findings indicate that narcissism goes along with an increased propensity for self-serving attributions in competitive intergroup settings and that this tendency is mainly driven by the admiration dimension.
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谁是成功的功劳,谁是失败的责任?论自恋与自我服务偏见和群体服务偏见的关系
人们常常把成功归咎于自己,把失败归咎于别人。过去的研究表明,这种倾向于自我服务的归因在自恋特征高的个体中很明显。这篇注册报告的目的是通过研究群体背景下的归因,以及区分浮夸型自恋的两个主要维度——钦佩和竞争,来重新审视自恋和自私归因之间的联系。我们进行了一项小组研究(N = 422名参与者嵌套在54组中),其中每组的参与者被随机分配到两个小组中的一个,然后进行小组间竞争。与我们的假设一致,钦佩预示着把成功归功于个人的倾向。与我们的假设相反,竞争并不能唯一地预测将失败归咎于他人的倾向。相反,钦佩独特地预测了将消极的团队结果归因于竞争对手的不公平的倾向。探索性分析进一步揭示,钦佩和竞争都与将消极而非积极的团队结果归因于机遇的倾向有关。综上所述,研究结果表明,在竞争激烈的群体环境中,自恋伴随着自我服务倾向的增加,而这种倾向主要是由钦佩维度驱动的。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Personality
European Journal of Personality PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-
CiteScore
11.90
自引率
8.50%
发文量
48
期刊介绍: It is intended that the journal reflects all areas of current personality psychology. The Journal emphasizes (1) human individuality as manifested in cognitive processes, emotional and motivational functioning, and their physiological and genetic underpinnings, and personal ways of interacting with the environment, (2) individual differences in personality structure and dynamics, (3) studies of intelligence and interindividual differences in cognitive functioning, and (4) development of personality differences as revealed by cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
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