Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1177/08902070241256399
Julia Tetzner, Michael Becker
This study examined whether optimism in early adolescence predicts occupational and psychosocial outcomes in early adulthood and explored the functional form of this relation. We also investigated whether these associations continue to hold after accounting for concomitant factors and whether optimism acts as a protective factor that helps early adolescents deal with socioeconomic adversity. We followed a large sample of German seventh graders ( N = 1596; 63.8% females; baseline M age = 12.9) at two measurement points over a period of 18 years and estimated latent regression models. Optimism in early adolescence predicted several adult outcomes, including occupational prestige, social integration, psychosocial symptoms, and depression. Analyses with social integration, depression, and life satisfaction revealed a nonlinear association: Optimism promoted life outcomes, but this positive association reached a plateau in above-average ranges of optimism and a minimum value in below-average optimism ranges. Moreover, optimism in early adolescence buffered the negative effects of low parental socioeconomic status on occupational prestige, job satisfaction, and psychosomatic symptoms in adulthood. The findings offer increased knowledge about the long-term significance of optimism and underscore the necessity of considering these effects from a more comprehensive and interactional point of view.
{"title":"Long-Term Advantages of Adolescent Optimism: Nonlinear Associations With Adult Outcomes and its Protective Role in Buffering Socioeconomic Risk","authors":"Julia Tetzner, Michael Becker","doi":"10.1177/08902070241256399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070241256399","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether optimism in early adolescence predicts occupational and psychosocial outcomes in early adulthood and explored the functional form of this relation. We also investigated whether these associations continue to hold after accounting for concomitant factors and whether optimism acts as a protective factor that helps early adolescents deal with socioeconomic adversity. We followed a large sample of German seventh graders ( N = 1596; 63.8% females; baseline M age = 12.9) at two measurement points over a period of 18 years and estimated latent regression models. Optimism in early adolescence predicted several adult outcomes, including occupational prestige, social integration, psychosocial symptoms, and depression. Analyses with social integration, depression, and life satisfaction revealed a nonlinear association: Optimism promoted life outcomes, but this positive association reached a plateau in above-average ranges of optimism and a minimum value in below-average optimism ranges. Moreover, optimism in early adolescence buffered the negative effects of low parental socioeconomic status on occupational prestige, job satisfaction, and psychosomatic symptoms in adulthood. The findings offer increased knowledge about the long-term significance of optimism and underscore the necessity of considering these effects from a more comprehensive and interactional point of view.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1177/08902070241256142
Michael P. Grosz, Isabel Thielmann, Hanna Krabbe, Mitja D. Back
The current registered report investigated whether individuals high in narcissistic rivalry are more likely to attain status when they have the opportunity to punish uncooperative group members than when they have the opportunity to share their resources with other group members. We conducted a lab-based behavioral experiment ( N = 644) in which groups of seven to nine persons interacted in a modified version of the repeated public goods game with punishment. As expected, narcissistic rivalry was more positively related to social status among participants who had the opportunity to punish free riders than among participants who had the opportunity to share their resources. Among participants with opportunity to punish free riders, narcissistic rivalry was positively linked to punishment behavior ( r = .14), but we only found anecdotal evidence that those high in narcissistic rivalry also attained status ( β = .05). Among participants with opportunity to share their resources, narcissistic rivalry was negatively related to contributing behavior ( r = −.25) and status attainment ( β = −.19). The extent to which individuals high in narcissistic rivalry benefit the group and attain status appears to depend on the situation, as the situation affects how narcissistic rivalry is expressed and how others evaluate these expressions.
{"title":"When and why do individuals high in narcissistic rivalry attain social status?","authors":"Michael P. Grosz, Isabel Thielmann, Hanna Krabbe, Mitja D. Back","doi":"10.1177/08902070241256142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070241256142","url":null,"abstract":"The current registered report investigated whether individuals high in narcissistic rivalry are more likely to attain status when they have the opportunity to punish uncooperative group members than when they have the opportunity to share their resources with other group members. We conducted a lab-based behavioral experiment ( N = 644) in which groups of seven to nine persons interacted in a modified version of the repeated public goods game with punishment. As expected, narcissistic rivalry was more positively related to social status among participants who had the opportunity to punish free riders than among participants who had the opportunity to share their resources. Among participants with opportunity to punish free riders, narcissistic rivalry was positively linked to punishment behavior ( r = .14), but we only found anecdotal evidence that those high in narcissistic rivalry also attained status ( β = .05). Among participants with opportunity to share their resources, narcissistic rivalry was negatively related to contributing behavior ( r = −.25) and status attainment ( β = −.19). The extent to which individuals high in narcissistic rivalry benefit the group and attain status appears to depend on the situation, as the situation affects how narcissistic rivalry is expressed and how others evaluate these expressions.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1177/08902070241251516
Yngwie Asbjørn Nielsen, Stefan Pfattheicher, Isabel Thielmann
Explaining prosocial behavior is a central goal in classic and contemporary behavioral science. Here, for the first time, we apply modern machine learning techniques to uncover the full predictive potential that personality traits have for prosocial behavior. We utilize a large-scale dataset ( N = 2707; 81 personality traits) and state-of-the-art statistical models to predict an incentivized measure of prosocial behavior, Social Value Orientation (SVO). We conclude: (1) traits explain 13.9% of the variance in SVO; (2) linear models are sufficient to obtain good prediction; (3) trait–trait interactions do not improve prediction; (4) narrow traits improve prediction beyond basic personality (i.e., the HEXACO); (5) there is a moderate association between the univariate predictive power of a trait and its multivariate predictive power, suggesting that univariate estimates (e.g., Pearson’s correlation) can serve as a useful proxy for multivariate variable importance. We propose that the limited usefulness of nonlinear models may stem from current measurement practices in personality science, which tend to favor linearly related constructs. Overall, our study provides a benchmark for how well personality predicts SVO and charts a course toward better prediction of prosocial behavior.
解释亲社会行为是经典和当代行为科学的核心目标。在这里，我们首次应用现代机器学习技术来揭示人格特质对亲社会行为的全部预测潜力。我们利用大规模数据集（N = 2707；81 种人格特质）和最先进的统计模型来预测亲社会行为的激励措施--社会价值取向（SVO）。我们得出以下结论(1) 特质解释了 SVO 中 13.9% 的变异；(2) 线性模型足以获得良好的预测效果；(3) 特质与特质之间的交互作用不会提高预测效果；(4) 狭义特质提高了基本人格（即 HEXACO）之外的预测效果；(5) 特质与特质之间的交互作用不会提高预测效果；(6) 特质与特质之间的交互作用不会提高预测效果、(5)特质的单变量预测能力与其多变量预测能力之间存在适度关联，这表明单变量估计值（如皮尔逊相关性）可以作为多变量重要性的有用替代。我们认为，非线性模型的有限实用性可能源于当前人格科学的测量实践，即倾向于线性相关的建构。总之，我们的研究为人格如何预测 SVO 提供了一个基准，并为更好地预测亲社会行为指明了方向。
{"title":"How much can personality predict prosocial behavior?","authors":"Yngwie Asbjørn Nielsen, Stefan Pfattheicher, Isabel Thielmann","doi":"10.1177/08902070241251516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070241251516","url":null,"abstract":"Explaining prosocial behavior is a central goal in classic and contemporary behavioral science. Here, for the first time, we apply modern machine learning techniques to uncover the full predictive potential that personality traits have for prosocial behavior. We utilize a large-scale dataset ( N = 2707; 81 personality traits) and state-of-the-art statistical models to predict an incentivized measure of prosocial behavior, Social Value Orientation (SVO). We conclude: (1) traits explain 13.9% of the variance in SVO; (2) linear models are sufficient to obtain good prediction; (3) trait–trait interactions do not improve prediction; (4) narrow traits improve prediction beyond basic personality (i.e., the HEXACO); (5) there is a moderate association between the univariate predictive power of a trait and its multivariate predictive power, suggesting that univariate estimates (e.g., Pearson’s correlation) can serve as a useful proxy for multivariate variable importance. We propose that the limited usefulness of nonlinear models may stem from current measurement practices in personality science, which tend to favor linearly related constructs. Overall, our study provides a benchmark for how well personality predicts SVO and charts a course toward better prediction of prosocial behavior.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1177/08902070241251900
Bruno Esattore, Michaela Masilkova, Laura Saggiomo
Understanding animal personality, that is, consistent behavioural variation among individuals, is essential for elucidating the evolutionary origins of human personality. Despite extensive research on personality in diverse taxa, its significance in deer (i.e. cervids, family Cervidae), a taxon with diverse socioecological strategies, remains largely unexplored. This review summarizes the deer personality literature and highlights the knowledge gap in the studied species, personality assessment methods and traits, the general goal of the study, and implications for human personality research. We identified 32 eligible studies on seven species of deer, representing only a small portion of existing deer taxonomic diversity. More than half of the articles focused on three common deer species, roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus), fallow der ( Dama dama), and elk ( Cervus canadensis). Most studies evaluated reactions to capture, handling, and approaching humans, interpreting these behaviours as ‘Boldness’ or a ‘Coping style’. Also, most articles investigated the personality links to ecological variables, followed by physiological measures, and management applications. We advise researchers to move beyond measuring single traits and adopt a multitrait–multimethod approach, as is common in human personality research. Finally, deer and other animal models might be viable alternatives for studying adaptive value and genetic and environmental underpinnings of personality when research on humans is complicated.
{"title":"Personalideer: A comprehensive review of personality studies in cervids","authors":"Bruno Esattore, Michaela Masilkova, Laura Saggiomo","doi":"10.1177/08902070241251900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070241251900","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding animal personality, that is, consistent behavioural variation among individuals, is essential for elucidating the evolutionary origins of human personality. Despite extensive research on personality in diverse taxa, its significance in deer (i.e. cervids, family Cervidae), a taxon with diverse socioecological strategies, remains largely unexplored. This review summarizes the deer personality literature and highlights the knowledge gap in the studied species, personality assessment methods and traits, the general goal of the study, and implications for human personality research. We identified 32 eligible studies on seven species of deer, representing only a small portion of existing deer taxonomic diversity. More than half of the articles focused on three common deer species, roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus), fallow der ( Dama dama), and elk ( Cervus canadensis). Most studies evaluated reactions to capture, handling, and approaching humans, interpreting these behaviours as ‘Boldness’ or a ‘Coping style’. Also, most articles investigated the personality links to ecological variables, followed by physiological measures, and management applications. We advise researchers to move beyond measuring single traits and adopt a multitrait–multimethod approach, as is common in human personality research. Finally, deer and other animal models might be viable alternatives for studying adaptive value and genetic and environmental underpinnings of personality when research on humans is complicated.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1177/08902070231186344
Emily C Willroth, Gabrielle N Pfund, Daniel K Mroczek, Patrick L Hill
What does a good life look like? The present research investigated individual differences in people's perceptions of the factors that are most important for living a good life using two waves of data in probability samples from the U.S. (MIDUS; N = 4,041) and Japan (MIDJA; N = 381). We examined country- and age-related similarities and differences in perceptions of a good life and associations of perceptions of a good life with experiences of wellbeing and physical health. Some factors were considered important for living a good life in both countries and across age (e.g., positive relationships with family), whereas other factors varied between countries (e.g., U.S. participants were more likely to perceive faith as important) and by age (e.g., younger adults were more likely to perceive having a good job as important). Further, perceptions of a good life were related to experiences of wellbeing and physical health concurrently and prospectively. This research informs our understanding of how people differ from one another in their perceptions of a good life, and how these differences may matter for individuals' experiences of a good life.
{"title":"Perceptions of a good life: Associations with culture, age, wellbeing, and health.","authors":"Emily C Willroth, Gabrielle N Pfund, Daniel K Mroczek, Patrick L Hill","doi":"10.1177/08902070231186344","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08902070231186344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What does a good life look like? The present research investigated individual differences in people's perceptions of the factors that are most important for living a good life using two waves of data in probability samples from the U.S. (MIDUS; <i>N</i> = 4,041) and Japan (MIDJA; <i>N</i> = 381). We examined country- and age-related similarities and differences in perceptions of a good life and associations of perceptions of a good life with experiences of wellbeing and physical health. Some factors were considered important for living a good life in both countries and across age (e.g., positive relationships with family), whereas other factors varied between countries (e.g., U.S. participants were more likely to perceive faith as important) and by age (e.g., younger adults were more likely to perceive having a good job as important). Further, perceptions of a good life were related to experiences of wellbeing and physical health concurrently and prospectively. This research informs our understanding of how people differ from one another in their <i>perceptions</i> of a good life, and how these differences may matter for individuals' <i>experiences</i> of a good life.</p>","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48859815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1177/08902070241235969
Julian Scharbert, Katharina Utesch, Thomas Reiter, Julian ter Horst, Maarten H. W. van Zalk, Mitja D Back, Richard Rau
The experience sampling method (ESM) and comparable assessment approaches are increasingly becoming popular tools for well-being research. In part, they are so popular because they represent more direct approaches for assessing individuals’ experienced well-being during a specified period, whereas one-time, retrospective evaluations of that episode are believed to introduce systematic biases. Along these lines, the peak-end rule states that the most extreme and recent sensations of an episode disproportionally influence retrospective well-being judgments. However, it has yet to be determined whether such systematic effects found in experimental laboratory studies generalize to retrospective judgments of well-being in everyday life as captured in ESM studies. Across four ESM samples (overall N = 1,889, total measurements = 131,575), we found that retrospective well-being judgments were disproportionately influenced by the peak and end experiences from the assessment period. However, these effects depended on the item framing of the retrospective judgment (global vs. more specific framings) and broad versus narrow conceptualizations of peaks and ends (states, days, and weeks), pointing toward potential ways to mitigate peak/end effects. Our findings emphasize the importance of differentiating between momentary and retrospective well-being assessments and selecting an appropriate measurement approach on the basis of these conceptual considerations.
{"title":"If you were happy and you know it, clap your hands! Testing the peak-end rule for retrospective judgments of well-being in everyday life","authors":"Julian Scharbert, Katharina Utesch, Thomas Reiter, Julian ter Horst, Maarten H. W. van Zalk, Mitja D Back, Richard Rau","doi":"10.1177/08902070241235969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070241235969","url":null,"abstract":"The experience sampling method (ESM) and comparable assessment approaches are increasingly becoming popular tools for well-being research. In part, they are so popular because they represent more direct approaches for assessing individuals’ experienced well-being during a specified period, whereas one-time, retrospective evaluations of that episode are believed to introduce systematic biases. Along these lines, the peak-end rule states that the most extreme and recent sensations of an episode disproportionally influence retrospective well-being judgments. However, it has yet to be determined whether such systematic effects found in experimental laboratory studies generalize to retrospective judgments of well-being in everyday life as captured in ESM studies. Across four ESM samples (overall N = 1,889, total measurements = 131,575), we found that retrospective well-being judgments were disproportionately influenced by the peak and end experiences from the assessment period. However, these effects depended on the item framing of the retrospective judgment (global vs. more specific framings) and broad versus narrow conceptualizations of peaks and ends (states, days, and weeks), pointing toward potential ways to mitigate peak/end effects. Our findings emphasize the importance of differentiating between momentary and retrospective well-being assessments and selecting an appropriate measurement approach on the basis of these conceptual considerations.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1177/08902070241238788
Theo A. Klimstra, Kate C. McLean
A vast body of knowledge on development and correlates of personality dimensions has led to recommendations on policy implications and interventions. However, we argue that there has not been enough attention to the socio-cultural contexts of personality development, resulting in incomplete and potentially harmful interpretations of the data. Although personality theorists have addressed the role of socio-cultural context by pointing to person–environment interactions and transactions, we argue that the implementation of contextualism is largely missing at a more fundamental level: In the operationalization of constructs and interpretations of individuals’ standings on those constructs. The focus of this article is on the maturity principle of personality development. We discuss problems that may arise when relying on constructs developed in a specific group (i.e., primarily upper-middle class individuals in the United States) and then using value-laden labels such as “mature” and “healthy” to suggest that one personality profile is better than another. We aim to motivate researchers to not only reflect on using labels suggesting that certain profiles or changes in personality are universally desirable or undesirable, especially without attention to diversity in methods and samples, but also to understand how our values inform how we conduct and communicate our science.
{"title":"Reconsidering normative interpretations in personality research","authors":"Theo A. Klimstra, Kate C. McLean","doi":"10.1177/08902070241238788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070241238788","url":null,"abstract":"A vast body of knowledge on development and correlates of personality dimensions has led to recommendations on policy implications and interventions. However, we argue that there has not been enough attention to the socio-cultural contexts of personality development, resulting in incomplete and potentially harmful interpretations of the data. Although personality theorists have addressed the role of socio-cultural context by pointing to person–environment interactions and transactions, we argue that the implementation of contextualism is largely missing at a more fundamental level: In the operationalization of constructs and interpretations of individuals’ standings on those constructs. The focus of this article is on the maturity principle of personality development. We discuss problems that may arise when relying on constructs developed in a specific group (i.e., primarily upper-middle class individuals in the United States) and then using value-laden labels such as “mature” and “healthy” to suggest that one personality profile is better than another. We aim to motivate researchers to not only reflect on using labels suggesting that certain profiles or changes in personality are universally desirable or undesirable, especially without attention to diversity in methods and samples, but also to understand how our values inform how we conduct and communicate our science.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/08902070241231315
Mario Lawes, Clemens Hetschko, R. Schöb, Gesine Stephan, Michael Eid
This study examined whether the six trait-like dimensions of psychological well-being (e.g., autonomy and environmental mastery) moderate the effects of unemployment on various facets of subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, satisfaction with life domains, and experienced mood). Further, re-employment expectations during unemployment were investigated as a moderator in this context. The study is based on monthly panel data ( Nobservations > 23,000) of two samples of initially employed German jobseekers, who either registered as jobseekers due to (i) mass layoffs or plant closures ( N = 552) or (ii) other reasons ( N = 988). The results indicate substantial interindividual differences in unemployment-related changes across all examined subjective well-being facets. However, dimensions of psychological well-being did generally not moderate these changes. Only in one unemployment context, environmental mastery was positively related to unemployment-related mood changes. Good re-employment expectations were related to increases in several well-being facets (e.g., leisure satisfaction) compared to being employed, whereas poor re-employment expectations were associated with particularly detrimental effects of unemployment in terms of life satisfaction. Overall, the study provides further evidence that (perceived) contextual features of unemployment seem to be particularly relevant for how individuals experience unemployment, whereas internal (coping) resources only seem to play a negligible role.
{"title":"Examining interindividual differences in unemployment-related changes in subjective well-being: The role of psychological well-being and re-employment expectations","authors":"Mario Lawes, Clemens Hetschko, R. Schöb, Gesine Stephan, Michael Eid","doi":"10.1177/08902070241231315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070241231315","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether the six trait-like dimensions of psychological well-being (e.g., autonomy and environmental mastery) moderate the effects of unemployment on various facets of subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, satisfaction with life domains, and experienced mood). Further, re-employment expectations during unemployment were investigated as a moderator in this context. The study is based on monthly panel data ( Nobservations > 23,000) of two samples of initially employed German jobseekers, who either registered as jobseekers due to (i) mass layoffs or plant closures ( N = 552) or (ii) other reasons ( N = 988). The results indicate substantial interindividual differences in unemployment-related changes across all examined subjective well-being facets. However, dimensions of psychological well-being did generally not moderate these changes. Only in one unemployment context, environmental mastery was positively related to unemployment-related mood changes. Good re-employment expectations were related to increases in several well-being facets (e.g., leisure satisfaction) compared to being employed, whereas poor re-employment expectations were associated with particularly detrimental effects of unemployment in terms of life satisfaction. Overall, the study provides further evidence that (perceived) contextual features of unemployment seem to be particularly relevant for how individuals experience unemployment, whereas internal (coping) resources only seem to play a negligible role.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/08902070231211207
{"title":"Open Peer Commentary and Author Response Regarding ‘Life Events and Personality Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/08902070231211207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231211207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/08902070241231315
Mario Lawes, Clemens Hetschko, R. Schöb, Gesine Stephan, Michael Eid
This study examined whether the six trait-like dimensions of psychological well-being (e.g., autonomy and environmental mastery) moderate the effects of unemployment on various facets of subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, satisfaction with life domains, and experienced mood). Further, re-employment expectations during unemployment were investigated as a moderator in this context. The study is based on monthly panel data ( Nobservations > 23,000) of two samples of initially employed German jobseekers, who either registered as jobseekers due to (i) mass layoffs or plant closures ( N = 552) or (ii) other reasons ( N = 988). The results indicate substantial interindividual differences in unemployment-related changes across all examined subjective well-being facets. However, dimensions of psychological well-being did generally not moderate these changes. Only in one unemployment context, environmental mastery was positively related to unemployment-related mood changes. Good re-employment expectations were related to increases in several well-being facets (e.g., leisure satisfaction) compared to being employed, whereas poor re-employment expectations were associated with particularly detrimental effects of unemployment in terms of life satisfaction. Overall, the study provides further evidence that (perceived) contextual features of unemployment seem to be particularly relevant for how individuals experience unemployment, whereas internal (coping) resources only seem to play a negligible role.
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