Evidencias de validez del Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire (PASS-Q) en deportistas mexicanos (Validity evidence of the Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire (PASS-Q) in Mexican athletes)

Abstract

El estudio científico del apoyo social en México se ha visto limitado en su desarrollo, en parte debido a la falta de instrumentos específicos del contexto deportivo. Atendiendo a estas demandas de medición, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la evidencia de validez y fiabilidad del Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire (PASS-Q) en deportistas mexicanos. Participaron 991 deportistas (hombres = 66.3%) entre 12 y 32 años de edad (M = 17.22, DT = 2.83). Mediante el Análisis factorial confirmatorio se obtuvo suficiente evidencia de la validez de constructo. Los índices de bondad de ajuste del modelo tetrafactorial del PASS-Q fueron aceptables (χ2 = 474.949; χ2/df = 5.39; df = 88; p < .01; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.94; IFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.07). Las cargas factoriales estandarizadas resultaron estadísticamente significativas, superando el valor mínimo recomendado (λ = 0.40). En cuanto a la validez discriminante y concurrente, se encontró respaldo empírico a las correlaciones del PASS-Q con el ABQ y la SPSS. La fiabilidad fue alta con coeficientes alfa de Cronbach entre 0.81 y 0.84. El modelo tetrafactorial demostró invarianza configural, métrica y escalar en relación al género. El PASS-Q muestra adecuadas evidencias de validez y fiabilidad, recomendando su uso con deportistas mexicanos. Palabras clave: apoyo social, validez de constructo, consistencia interna, deportes. Abstract. The development of scientific research on social support in Mexico has been limited, partly due to the lack of specific instruments about the sports environment. In response to this measurement necessity, the present study aims to analyze the evidence of validity and reliability of the Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire (PASS-Q) in Mexican athletes. The sample was composed of 991 athletes, with ages between 12 and 32 years. Through Confirmatory factor analysis, it was obtained enough evidence for construct validity. The adjustment indexes used to evaluate the PASS-Q four-factor model seem to fit well (χ2 = 474.949; fg = 88; p < .01; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.94; IFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.07). The standardized factor loadings were statistically significant, exceeding the minimum recommended value (λ = 0.40). Regarding discriminant and concurrent validity, empirical support was found for the correlations of the PASS-Q with the ABQ and the SPSS. The reliability was high with Cronbach's alpha coefficient ​​between 0.81 and 0.84. The tetrafactorial model demonstrated configural, metric and scalar invariance in relation to gender. The PASS-Q shows adequate psychometric properties and its use with Mexican athletes is recommended. Keywords: Social support, construct validity, internal consistency, sports.