Numerical Modeling and Application of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Arrays in Large Wind Farms

IF 1.3 4区工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Wind and Structures Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI:10.3390/wind3040026

Lien Young, Xing Zheng, Erjie Gao

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Abstract

The global supply of energy is still tight, even with the rise of renewable energy utilization and abundant wind energy. More and more large wind farms have been installed globally. As of 2020, China’s total installed capacity accounted for 38.8%, far ahead of other countries. The layout of horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) arrays in large wind farms poses three main issues: (1) How to select a site. (2) How to arrange the HAWT arrays to achieve greater power extraction at a specific wind farm. (3) How to reduce the noise generated by HAWTs. The numerical simulation of a HAWT wake field generally includes the analytical method (AM), vortex-lattice or vortex particle method (VM), panel method (PM), blade element momentum method (BEM), generalized actuator method (GAM), and direct modeling method (DM). Considering the computational cost, this paper combines DMs and mainly adopts the BEM-CFD coupling method, including uniform and non-uniform loading of axial force. Forty specially designed numerical experiments were carried out, which show that: (1) the BEM-CFD method greatly improves the calculation speed within the accuracy range of a thrust coefficient less than 2.5%, making it very suitable for the calculation of large wind farm HAWT arrays; (2) for regular HAWT arrays, it is reasonable to choose a 6D spacing in the wind direction and a 4D spacing in the crosswind direction for simplicity in practice.

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大型风电场水平轴风力机阵列的数值模拟与应用

尽管可再生能源利用率上升，风能资源丰富，但全球能源供应仍然紧张。全球已经安装了越来越多的大型风力发电场。截至2020年，中国总装机容量占比38.8%，遥遥领先于其他国家。大型风电场的水平轴风力发电机组(HAWT)阵列布局主要有三个问题:(1)如何选址。(2)在特定风电场如何布置HAWT阵列以实现更大的抽电量。(3)如何降低空中交通工具产生的噪音。HAWT尾流场的数值模拟一般包括解析法(AM)、涡格或涡粒法(VM)、面板法(PM)、叶片元动量法(BEM)、广义致动器法(GAM)和直接建模法(DM)。考虑到计算成本，本文结合dm，主要采用BEM-CFD耦合方法，包括轴向力均匀加载和非均匀加载。通过40个专门设计的数值实验，结果表明:(1)BEM-CFD方法在推力系数小于2.5%的精度范围内，大大提高了计算速度，非常适合大型风电场HAWT阵列的计算;(2)对于常规的HAWT阵列，为了便于使用，在风向上选择6D间距，在侧风向上选择4D间距较为合理。

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来源期刊

Wind and Structures 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

18.80%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The WIND AND STRUCTURES, An International Journal, aims at: - Major publication channel for research in the general area of wind and structural engineering, - Wider distribution at more affordable subscription rates; - Faster reviewing and publication for manuscripts submitted. The main theme of the Journal is the wind effects on structures. Areas covered by the journal include: Wind loads and structural response, Bluff-body aerodynamics, Computational method, Wind tunnel modeling, Local wind environment, Codes and regulations, Wind effects on large scale structures.