Application of polyoxometalates and their composites for the degradation of antibiotics in water medium

Debasish Pal, Subhadeep Biswas, Ashish Kumar Nayak, Anjali Pal
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Abstract

This paper summarizes the potential of polyoxometalate (POM)-based catalysts in view of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment and recent advances that took place in this field. POMs are anionic clusters of transition metals, which exhibit unique characteristics such as high catalytic activity and multi-electron redox properties. Recently, they have been explored by some research groups for degrading antibiotics and pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) from contaminated water matrix. Several modifications of POM, along with their composite formation with new-age materials like g-C3N4 and reduced graphene oxide (RGO), have led to the formation of novel photocatalysts, which have also been reported as active materials to destroy the PCs. These promising catalysts have revealed the efficiency of complete destruction of these recalcitrant compounds within a short reaction time and showed good reusability characteristics. Among the widely used PCs, the notable ones include tetracycline (TC), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), etc. Most of the articles cited here centered on TC degradation followed by other drugs. The effects of different operating conditions, degradation efficiency, and mechanism and stability aspects of various POM-based catalysts are discussed. The current knowledge gap in this area with bright future perspectives is also highlighted. The description will provide valuable insight to the research community regarding the capability of POM-based catalysts to eliminate antibiotics, as well as designing highly efficient catalysts for a sustainable future.
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多金属氧酸盐及其复合材料在水介质中降解抗生素的应用
本文综述了多金属氧酸盐(POM)基催化剂在制药废水处理中的应用前景及近年来的研究进展。聚甲醛是过渡金属的阴离子簇,具有高催化活性和多电子氧化还原特性。近年来,一些研究小组对从污染的水基质中降解抗生素和药物化合物(PCs)进行了探索。对POM进行一些修饰,以及与g-C3N4和还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)等新时代材料的复合形成,导致了新型光催化剂的形成,这些光催化剂也被报道为破坏pc的活性材料。这些有前景的催化剂显示出在短的反应时间内完全破坏这些顽固性化合物的效率,并表现出良好的重复使用特性。在广泛使用的pc中,值得注意的有四环素(TC)、磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)、环丙沙星(CIP)等。这里引用的大多数文章都集中在TC的降解上,其次是其他药物。讨论了不同操作条件、降解效率以及各种pom基催化剂的机理和稳定性等方面的影响。目前的知识差距在这一领域与光明的未来前景也突出。该描述将为研究界提供有关基于pom的催化剂消除抗生素的能力的宝贵见解,以及为可持续的未来设计高效催化剂。
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