{"title":"Triple, Quadruple, and Higher-Order Helices: Historical Phenomena and (Neo-)Evolutionary Models","authors":"Loet Leydesdorff, Helen Lawton Smith","doi":"10.1163/21971927-bja10022","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carayannis and Campbell (2009; 2010) have argued for using quadruple and quintuple helices as models encompassing and generalizing triple-helix dynamics. In the meantime, quadruple and quintuple helices have been adopted by the European Committee for the Regions and the European Commission as metaphors for further strategy development such as in EU-programs in Smart Specialization, Plan S, Open Innovation 2.0, etc. Here we argue that the transition from a double helix to a triple helix can change the dynamic from a trajectory to a regime. However, next-order transitions (e.g., to quadruple, quintuple, or n-tuple helices) can be decomposed and recombined into interacting Triple Helices. For example, in the case of four helices A, B, C, and D, one can distinguish ABC, ABD, ACD, and BCD; each triplet can generate synergy. The triple-helix synergy indicator can thus be elaborated for more than three dimensions. However, whether innovation systems are national, regional, sectorial, triple-helix, quadruple-helix, etc., can inform policies with evidence if one proceeds to measurement. A variety of perspectives can be used to interpret the data. Software for testing perspectives will be introduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":31161,"journal":{"name":"Triple Helix","volume":"36 1","pages":"6-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Triple Helix","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-bja10022","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MANAGEMENT","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Carayannis and Campbell (2009; 2010) have argued for using quadruple and quintuple helices as models encompassing and generalizing triple-helix dynamics. In the meantime, quadruple and quintuple helices have been adopted by the European Committee for the Regions and the European Commission as metaphors for further strategy development such as in EU-programs in Smart Specialization, Plan S, Open Innovation 2.0, etc. Here we argue that the transition from a double helix to a triple helix can change the dynamic from a trajectory to a regime. However, next-order transitions (e.g., to quadruple, quintuple, or n-tuple helices) can be decomposed and recombined into interacting Triple Helices. For example, in the case of four helices A, B, C, and D, one can distinguish ABC, ABD, ACD, and BCD; each triplet can generate synergy. The triple-helix synergy indicator can thus be elaborated for more than three dimensions. However, whether innovation systems are national, regional, sectorial, triple-helix, quadruple-helix, etc., can inform policies with evidence if one proceeds to measurement. A variety of perspectives can be used to interpret the data. Software for testing perspectives will be introduced.
Carayannis and Campbell (2009;2010)主张使用四螺旋和五螺旋作为包含和推广三螺旋动力学的模型。与此同时,欧洲地区委员会和欧盟委员会采用了四螺旋和五螺旋作为进一步战略发展的隐喻,如欧盟的智能专业化、S计划、开放式创新2.0等计划。我们认为,从双螺旋结构到三螺旋结构的转变可以改变动力学从轨迹到制度。然而,下一阶转换(例如,四元组、五元组或n元组螺旋)可以被分解并重组为相互作用的三重螺旋。例如,在四个螺旋A、B、C和D的情况下,可以区分ABC、ABD、ACD和BCD;每个三元组都能产生协同效应。因此,三螺旋协同指标可以在三个以上的维度上加以阐述。然而,创新系统是国家的、区域的、部门的、三螺旋的还是四螺旋的等等,如果进行测量,就可以为政策提供证据。可以使用多种视角来解释数据。将介绍用于测试透视图的软件。