Potential of Nano-Engineered Stem Cells in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review

IF 3.6 4区 医学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI:10.1007/s10571-023-01434-5
Sushruta Ghosh, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Pushpender Kumar Sharma, Ramesh Kandimalla, Sarabjit Singh Mastana, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and degrading autoimmune disorder mainly targeting the central nervous system, leading to progressive neurodegeneration, demyelination, and axonal damage. Current treatment options for MS are limited in efficacy, generally linked to adverse side effects, and do not offer a cure. Stem cell therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for MS, potentially promoting remyelination, exerting immunomodulatory effects and protecting against neurodegeneration. Therefore, this review article focussed on the potential of nano-engineering in stem cells as a therapeutic approach for MS, focusing on the synergistic effects of combining stem cell biology with nanotechnology to stimulate the proliferation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) from neural stem cells and OL precursor cells, by manipulating neural signalling pathways-PDGF, BMP, Wnt, Notch and their essential genes such as Sox, bHLH, Nkx. Here we discuss the pathophysiology of MS, the use of various types of stem cells in MS treatment and their mechanisms of action. In the context of nanotechnology, we present an overview of its applications in the medical and research field and discuss different methods and materials used to nano-engineer stem cells, including surface modification, biomaterials and scaffolds, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. We further elaborate on nano-engineered stem cell techniques, such as nano script, nano-exosome hybrid, nano-topography and their potentials in MS. The article also highlights enhanced homing, engraftment, and survival of nano-engineered stem cells, targeted and controlled release of therapeutic agents, and immunomodulatory and tissue repair effects with their challenges and limitations.

Graphical Abstract

This visual illustration depicts the process of utilizing nano-engineering in stem cells and exosomes for the purpose of delivering more accurate and improved treatments for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This approach targets specifically the creation of oligodendrocytes, the breakdown of which is the primary pathological factor in MS.

Abstract Image

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纳米工程干细胞治疗多发性硬化症的潜力:全面综述
多发性硬化症(MS)是一种主要针对中枢神经系统的慢性退化性自身免疫性疾病,会导致进行性神经变性、脱髓鞘和轴突损伤。目前治疗多发性硬化症的方法疗效有限,通常会产生不良副作用,而且无法治愈。干细胞疗法已成为治疗多发性硬化症的一种有前途的治疗策略,有可能促进再髓鞘化,发挥免疫调节作用,防止神经变性。因此,这篇综述文章聚焦干细胞纳米工程作为多发性硬化症治疗方法的潜力,重点关注干细胞生物学与纳米技术的协同作用,通过操纵神经信号通路--PDGF、BMP、Wnt、Notch及其重要基因(如Sox、bHLH、Nkx),刺激神经干细胞和少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖。在此,我们将讨论多发性硬化症的病理生理学、各种干细胞在多发性硬化症治疗中的应用及其作用机制。在纳米技术方面,我们概述了纳米技术在医疗和研究领域的应用,并讨论了用于干细胞纳米工程的不同方法和材料,包括表面修饰、生物材料和支架,以及基于纳米颗粒的传输系统。我们进一步阐述了纳米工程干细胞技术,如纳米脚本、纳米外泌体杂交、纳米形貌及其在多发性硬化症中的潜力。这篇文章还强调了纳米工程干细胞增强的归巢、移植和存活能力,治疗药物的定向和控制释放,免疫调节和组织修复效果,以及它们所面临的挑战和局限性。这种方法特别针对少突胶质细胞的形成,而少突胶质细胞的破坏是多发性硬化症的主要病理因素。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
137
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology publishes original research concerned with the analysis of neuronal and brain function at the cellular and subcellular levels. The journal offers timely, peer-reviewed articles that describe anatomic, genetic, physiologic, pharmacologic, and biochemical approaches to the study of neuronal function and the analysis of elementary mechanisms. Studies are presented on isolated mammalian tissues and intact animals, with investigations aimed at the molecular mechanisms or neuronal responses at the level of single cells. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology also presents studies of the effects of neurons on other organ systems, such as analysis of the electrical or biochemical response to neurotransmitters or neurohormones on smooth muscle or gland cells.
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