Unidirectional mating-type switching is underpinned by a conserved MAT1 locus architecture

IF 2.4 3区 生物学 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI:10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103859
P. Markus Wilken, Frances A. Lane, Emma T. Steenkamp, Michael J. Wingfield, Brenda D. Wingfield
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Abstract

Unidirectional mating-type switching is a form of homothallic reproduction known only in a small number of filamentous ascomycetes. Their ascospores can give rise to either self-sterile isolates that require compatible partners for subsequent sexual reproduction, or self-fertile individuals capable of completing this process in isolation. The limited studies previously conducted in these fungi suggest that the differences in mating specificity are determined by the architecture of the MAT1 locus. In self-fertile isolates that have not undergone unidirectional mating-type switching, the locus contains both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 mating-type genes, typical of primary homothallism. In the self-sterile isolates produced after a switching event, the MAT1-2 genes are lacking from the locus, likely due to a recombination-mediated deletion of the MAT1-2 gene information. To determine whether these arrangements of the MAT1 locus support unidirectional mating-type switching in the Ceratocystidaceae, the largest known fungal assemblage capable of this reproduction strategy, a combination of genetic and genomic approaches were used. The MAT1 locus was annotated in representative species of Ceratocystis, Endoconidiophora, and Davidsoniella. In all cases, MAT1-2 genes interrupted the MAT1-11 gene in self-fertile isolates. The MAT1-2 genes were flanked by two copies of a direct repeat that accurately predicted the boundaries of the deletion event that would yield the MAT1 locus of self-sterile isolates. Although the relative position of the MAT1-2 gene region differed among species, it always disrupted the MAT1-11 gene and/or its expression in the self-fertile MAT1 locus. Following switching, this gene and/or its expression was restored in the self-sterile arrangement of the locus. This mirrors what has been reported in other species capable of unidirectional mating-type switching, providing the strongest support for a conserved MAT1 locus structure that is associated with this process. This study contributes to our understanding of the evolution of unidirectional mating-type switching.

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保守的 MAT1 基因座结构支持单向交配类型转换
单向交配型转换是一种同性繁殖形式,只有少数丝状子囊菌知道。它们的无孢子既可以产生自交不育的分离体,需要相容的伙伴才能进行后续的有性生殖,也可以产生自交不育的个体,能够在隔离状态下完成有性生殖过程。以前对这些真菌进行的有限研究表明,交配特异性的差异是由 MAT1 基因座的结构决定的。在未进行单向交配型转换的自交不育分离物中,基因座同时包含 MAT1-1 和 MAT1-2 交配型基因,这是典型的原生同种异型性。在经过切换后产生的自交不育分离株中,基因座中缺少 MAT1-2 基因,这可能是由于重组介导的 MAT1-2 基因信息缺失所致。为了确定 MAT1 基因座的这些排列是否支持 Ceratocystidaceae 中的单向交配型切换(Ceratocystidaceae 是已知能够采用这种繁殖策略的最大真菌群),研究人员结合使用了遗传学和基因组学方法。在 Ceratocystis、Endoconidiophora 和 Davidsoniella 的代表性物种中注释了 MAT1 基因座。在所有情况下,自交分离物中的 MAT1-2 基因都会打断 MAT1-1-1 基因。MAT1-2 基因两侧有两个直接重复的拷贝,这两个拷贝准确预测了产生自交不育分离株 MAT1 基因座的缺失事件的边界。虽然 MAT1-2 基因区域的相对位置在不同物种间有所不同,但它总是会破坏 MAT1-1-1 基因和/或其在自交不育 MAT1 基因座中的表达。切换后,该基因和/或其表达在该基因座的自交不育排列中得以恢复。这反映了其他能够进行单向交配型切换的物种的情况,为与这一过程相关的保守的 MAT1 基因座结构提供了最有力的支持。这项研究有助于我们了解单向交配型切换的进化过程。
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来源期刊
Fungal Genetics and Biology
Fungal Genetics and Biology 生物-遗传学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
3.30%
发文量
66
审稿时长
85 days
期刊介绍: Fungal Genetics and Biology, formerly known as Experimental Mycology, publishes experimental investigations of fungi and their traditional allies that relate structure and function to growth, reproduction, morphogenesis, and differentiation. This journal especially welcomes studies of gene organization and expression and of developmental processes at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels. The journal also includes suitable experimental inquiries into fungal cytology, biochemistry, physiology, genetics, and phylogeny. Fungal Genetics and Biology publishes basic research conducted by mycologists, cell biologists, biochemists, geneticists, and molecular biologists. Research Areas include: • Biochemistry • Cytology • Developmental biology • Evolutionary biology • Genetics • Molecular biology • Phylogeny • Physiology.
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