Lateral bone ridge expansion and internal tissue replacement for vertebral body growth in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Journal of Morphology Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI:10.1002/jmor.21666
Misaki Sakashita, Shigeru Kondo, Naoyuki Wada
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Abstract

Vertebral growth is an essential developmental process to support the expansion of the vertebrate body. In teleosts, the lateral side of the vertebral bodies develops to form different structures among species in the late stages of vertebral growth, although lateral structures are not apparent in the early stages. Lateral structures are one of the structural features that determine the diversity of teleost vertebrae. However, explanations for the formation of lateral structures are conflicting because few reports have investigated the growth of teleost vertebral bodies. To clarify the growth process, we analyzed the morphological changes in the vertebral body of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis at different developmental stages using micro-computed tomography (CT) scans. The micro-CT scans showed that the vertebral centrum formed a plate-like ridge on the lateral side along the cranial–caudal direction and extended laterally with increasing thickness. Simultaneously, the proximal region of the lateral ridges became porous as the vertebrae grew to form bone marrow cavities. Furthermore, we used histological observations to describe the relationship between these morphological changes and osteoblast and osteoclast activities. Osteoblasts accumulated on the distal edges of the lateral ridges, whereas osteoclasts were distributed in the bone marrow cavities. These observations suggest that bone resorption occurs proximally to form bone marrow cavities in addition to bone synthesis at the edges of the lateral ridges. The bone marrow cavities were occupied by blood vessels, extracellular matrix, and adipocytes, and the internal tissue composition changed to increase the area of adipose tissue. Because the ratio of bone volume decreases in large vertebrae, bone formation and resorption are regulated to separate the external cortical and internal trabecular bones to support the vertebrae. This study is the first to report the formation of lateral structures and can be applied to similar lateral structures in the vertebrae of other teleost species.

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太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼椎体生长过程中的侧骨脊扩张和内部组织置换
脊椎生长是支持脊椎动物身体膨胀的一个重要发育过程。在脊椎动物中,椎体的侧面在脊椎生长的晚期发育形成不同的结构,尽管侧面结构在早期阶段并不明显。侧边结构是决定远志脊椎动物多样性的结构特征之一。然而,关于侧向结构形成的解释并不一致,因为很少有报道研究了远足目动物椎体的生长过程。为了弄清椎体的生长过程,我们利用微型计算机断层扫描(CT)分析了太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus orientalis)椎体在不同发育阶段的形态变化。显微 CT 扫描结果显示,椎体中心沿头颅-尾椎方向在外侧形成板状脊,并随着厚度的增加向外侧延伸。同时,随着椎体的生长,侧脊的近端区域变得多孔,形成骨髓腔。此外,我们还通过组织学观察描述了这些形态变化与成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性之间的关系。成骨细胞聚集在侧脊的远端边缘,而破骨细胞则分布在骨髓腔中。这些观察结果表明,除了侧脊边缘的骨合成外,近端还发生了骨吸收,形成骨髓腔。骨髓腔被血管、细胞外基质和脂肪细胞占据,内部组织成分发生变化,增加了脂肪组织的面积。由于大椎体的骨体积比减小,骨形成和吸收受到调节,使外部皮质骨和内部骨小梁分离,以支撑椎体。这项研究首次报道了侧结构的形成,并可应用于其他腕足动物椎骨中类似的侧结构。
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来源期刊
Journal of Morphology
Journal of Morphology 医学-解剖学与形态学
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
119
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Morphology welcomes articles of original research in cytology, protozoology, embryology, and general morphology. Articles generally should not exceed 35 printed pages. Preliminary notices or articles of a purely descriptive morphological or taxonomic nature are not included. No paper which has already been published will be accepted, nor will simultaneous publications elsewhere be allowed. The Journal of Morphology publishes research in functional, comparative, evolutionary and developmental morphology from vertebrates and invertebrates. Human and veterinary anatomy or paleontology are considered when an explicit connection to neontological animal morphology is presented, and the paper contains relevant information for the community of animal morphologists. Based on our long tradition, we continue to seek publishing the best papers in animal morphology.
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