Drug Resistance Pattern of Salmonella Typhi in Patients Suffering from Enteric Fever - Experience from Tertiary Care Hospital of Peshawar.

Abstract

Background: Enteric fever is one of the most common infections in Southeast Asia. Over the last decade, increasing drug resistance against salmonella has been documented. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the drug resistance pattern of salmonella typhi at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar over one year, from June 2022 to June 2023. All the patients who had culture-proven typhoid were included in the study. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined against conventional and latest antibiotics used for typhoid fever. Data was analyzed through SPSS24.Results: Out of 284 patients, 60.6% (n=172) were males and the mean age was 24.07±11.65 years. Only 11.3% (n=32) had non-resistant typhoid fever. Extended Spectrum Beta lactamase resistance was noted in 43.3 % (n=123), Extensive drug resistance (XDR) in 37.3% (n=106), and multidrug resistance (MDR) in 8.1% (n=23) of total cases. Salmonella typhi was sensitive to Azithromycin and Meropenem in 100% and 99.6% of cases respectively. Its sensitivity to cotrimoxazole, Chloramphenicol, and Ampicillin was 48.9%, 17.6%, and 7.70% respectively. Only 2.5% of typhoid cases were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin.Conclusion: Drug-resistant typhoid has shown a rising trend. Conventional antibiotic therapy has developed significant resistance. Azithromycin and Meropenem have shown good sensitivity to Salmonella.Keywords: Drug Resistance, Sensitivity, Typhoid