Influence of temperature and beam size on weld track shape in laser powder bed fusion of pure copper using near-infrared laser system

IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Laser Applications Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI:10.2351/7.0001118
Alexander Bauch, Dirk Herzog
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Abstract

Additive manufacturing of copper using laser powder bed fusion enables the production of highly complex components with excellent heat and electrical conductivity. However, the processing of copper by means of near-infrared laser radiation, which is commonly used, is challenging due to its high reflectivity. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that high densities and electrical conductivities can be achieved using high-power laser systems. In order to process pure copper with reliable quality with different machines, it is essential to understand the conditions at which a continuous weld track is formed. For this purpose, weld tracks with varying laser power and scan speeds were welded on a copper substrate plate with an applied powder layer. The preheating temperature of the substrate plate and the beam size were varied to test different process conditions. The melt pool depths and widths were measured, and a relationship was elaborated. Based on these results, cube samples with discrete weld tracks on top were manufactured. The melt pool depth was measured and compared with the predicted melt pool depth to investigate the transferability of the elaborated relationship from the substrate to process conditions. It was found that with rising preheating temperature and for larger beam diameters at the same peak intensity, the weld width and weld depths increase. Furthermore, continuous weld tracks formed reliably in the keyhole welding regime. A good agreement between the weld depth of weld tracks on the substrate and the elaborated relationship was revealed. However, the weld tracks were shallower than predicted.
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使用近红外激光系统进行纯铜激光粉末床熔化时温度和光束尺寸对焊道形状的影响
利用激光粉末床熔融技术对铜进行增材制造,可以生产出具有出色导热性和导电性的高度复杂部件。然而,由于铜的反射率较高,利用常用的近红外激光辐射加工铜是一项挑战。不过,事实证明,使用高功率激光系统可以实现高密度和高导电性。为了用不同的机器加工出质量可靠的纯铜,必须了解形成连续焊道的条件。为此,使用不同的激光功率和扫描速度在涂有粉末层的铜基板上焊接焊道。基板的预热温度和光束大小各不相同,以测试不同的工艺条件。对熔池深度和宽度进行了测量,并详细说明了两者之间的关系。根据这些结果,制造出了顶部带有离散焊道的立方体样品。对熔池深度进行了测量,并与预测的熔池深度进行了比较,以研究从基底到工艺条件的关系。结果发现,随着预热温度的升高,在峰值强度相同的情况下,如果光束直径较大,焊缝宽度和焊缝深度都会增加。此外,在锁孔焊接条件下,连续焊道的形成是可靠的。基体上焊道的焊接深度与所阐述的关系非常吻合。不过,焊道比预测的要浅。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
9.50%
发文量
125
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Laser Applications (JLA) is the scientific platform of the Laser Institute of America (LIA) and is published in cooperation with AIP Publishing. The high-quality articles cover a broad range from fundamental and applied research and development to industrial applications. Therefore, JLA is a reflection of the state-of-R&D in photonic production, sensing and measurement as well as Laser safety. The following international and well known first-class scientists serve as allocated Editors in 9 new categories: High Precision Materials Processing with Ultrafast Lasers Laser Additive Manufacturing High Power Materials Processing with High Brightness Lasers Emerging Applications of Laser Technologies in High-performance/Multi-function Materials and Structures Surface Modification Lasers in Nanomanufacturing / Nanophotonics & Thin Film Technology Spectroscopy / Imaging / Diagnostics / Measurements Laser Systems and Markets Medical Applications & Safety Thermal Transportation Nanomaterials and Nanoprocessing Laser applications in Microelectronics.
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