Facial Exercises: Enhancing Facial Structure and Reducing Signs of Aging: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The effectiveness of facial muscle exercises (FMEs) for facial rejuvenation is still quite controversial in the scientific literature. In general, published studies use non-quantitative parameters to assess the real benefit of FMEs. In this study, we reviewed the scientific evidence related to the efficacy of FMEs for facial rejuvenation, as well as to describe the most used FMEs in scientific studies. To achieve the objective of this review, research was performed through several databases. Thus far, there are very few scientific studies with appropriate methodologies that assess whether FMEs are effective for facial rejuvenation. It was found that the exercises for the muscles of the cheeks, the region around the mouth and around the eyes, and the region under the chin are the most indicated for the maintenance of the youthful appearance of the face. However, it is still necessary to carry out controlled and randomized studies to draw some conclusions.