The Latest Occurrence of Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis (Rhinocerotidae) in Europe: The Skeletons from the Cova del Rinoceront Site (Castelldefels, Barcelona)
David García-Fernández, E. Cerdeño, M. Sanz, Joan Daura
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Abstract
New rhino remains recovered from Cova del Rinoceront (Castelldefels, Barcelona) confirm the presence of Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis (Toula, 1902) at the site and the taxon’s persistence until the late Middle–early Upper Pleistocene in Europe, that is, its latest documented occurrence. The three individuals recovered from the site are compared with specimens of other Pleistocene species, including those of S. hemitoechus, S. kirchbergensis and Coelodonta antiquitatis, but their anatomical characteristics (a long skull, moderate occipital elevation, partial nasal septum, and slender zygomatic arch) do not coincide with the latter’s documented features. Certain similarities are found with the most frequently occurring rhinocerotid at that time in the Iberian Peninsula, S. hemitoechus, but the cranial features of the latter differ. The anatomical characteristics of the Cova del Rinoceront individuals coincide most closely with those of S. hundsheimensis (i.e., a high occipital face, with rounded proximolateral angles and oblique lateral borders, as well as the frontoparietal angle, and facial development). Despite the marked overlaps in the general measurements of S. hundsheimensis and S. hemitoechus, many (cranial and postcranial) dimensions of the Cova del Rinoceront individuals coincide more closely with those of the former, although some bone proportions are more similar to those of the latter specimens. Therefore, S. kirchbergensis and C. antiquitatis can be discarded as they tend to be larger, more robust species.
Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis(犀牛科)在欧洲的最近出现:来自 Cova del Rinoceront 遗址(巴塞罗那 Castelldefels)的骨骼
从 Cova del Rinoceront(巴塞罗那 Castelldefels)发掘的新犀牛遗骸证实了 Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis(Toula,1902 年)在该遗址的存在,以及该分类群在欧洲一直持续到中更新世晚期-上更新世早期,即其有文献记载的最近出现时间。从该遗址发现的三个个体与其他更新世物种的标本进行了比较,包括 S. hemitoechus、S. kirchbergensis 和 Coelodonta antiquitatis 的标本,但它们的解剖特征(长头骨、适度枕骨隆起、部分鼻中隔和细长的颧弓)与后者的文献特征并不一致。它与当时伊比利亚半岛最常见的犀牛科动物 S. hemitoechus 有某些相似之处,但后者的头骨特征有所不同。Cova del Rinoceront个体的解剖特征与S. hundsheimensis最为吻合(即枕面高,近外侧角圆,侧缘斜,前顶角和面部发育)。尽管 S. hundsheimensis 和 S. hemitoechus 的一般测量值有明显的重叠,但 Cova del Rinoceront 个体的许多(颅骨和颅后)尺寸与前者更为接近,尽管某些骨骼比例与后者的标本更为相似。因此,可以放弃 S. kirchbergensis 和 C. antiquitatis,因为它们往往是体型更大、更健壮的物种。