首页 > 最新文献

Quaternary最新文献

英文 中文
Late Quaternary Dynamics of Landscape and Climate in the North of the West Siberian Plain Revealed by Paleoecological Studies of Peat and Lake Sediments 泥炭和湖泊沉积物的古生态学研究揭示西西伯利亚平原北部第四纪晚期景观和气候的动态变化
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.3390/quat7010001
Tatina Blyakharchuk, Nikita Shefer, Olga Ponomareva, Hong-Chun Li
West Siberian mires covering more than 50% of area in the subarctic are still poorly investigated despite their thick peat sediments suitable for paleogeographic research of past long-term landscape and climatic changes. In this research, a combination of paleoecological methods were used, including the analysis of pollen, spores, diatoms, NPPs, and macrofossils, the measurement of peat humification, and quantitative paleoclimate reconstruction. This multi-proxy approach was applied to study a palsa bog (frost peat heave mound) located in the north of western Siberia on the border of the northern taiga and forest–tundra (65°18′56″ N, 72°52′27″ E). Chronology is based on 21 radiocarbon dates, which were calibrated in CLAM. Studies have shown that sediments of palsa bog Nadym of a 1050 cm thickness were formed both in the Holocene and earlier periods of the Quaternary. Radiocarbon dating worked well for peat sequences (610 cm thick), but failed for underlying lacustrine and mineral sediments (440 cm thick). Numerous remains of salt-water diatoms and exotic Neogene pollen were found in the lacustrine sediments (650–850 cm). The oldest sediments (850–1050 cm) have signs of secondary epicryogenic diagenesis in the form of cryogenic iron-enriched granules. Both lacustrine and bottom sediments contain abundant coniferous pollen. At the same time, spore–pollen complexes dated to the Last Glacial Age were not found in low sediments because of failed dates. To explain this, the authors turn to the hypothesis of glyacioisostatic compensation, according to which the study area was uplifted during the Last Glacial Age and the ancient deposits underwent secondary diagenesis in subaerial conditions. Holocene lacustrine sedimentation began to form about 9800 cal. a BP. These lacustrine sediments turned out to be enriched in redeposited Neogene pollen and diatoms. It was interpreted as an influence of excess humid climate in combination with geological subsidence of landscape in the study area during the Early Holocene. This caused lake formation and introduction of exotic microfossils via surface run-off from higher-relief areas in the catchment. Syngenetic sedimentation in the Nadym section is associated only with peat-mire deposits covering the last 8400 cal. a BP. For this time, the dynamic of vegetation cover and quantitative changes in paleoclimate were reconstructed using spore–pollen, macrofossil, humus, and NPP data as well as the information–statistical method of V.A. Klimanov. The spore–pollen analysis revealed four main phases in the development of vegetation cover: 1. Spruce–birch forests with open meadows and lakes (8400–7600 cal. a BP); 2. Dominance of spruce forests and thawed eutrophic (minerotrophic) mires (7600 to 6500 cal. a BP); 3. Coniferous–birch forests and thawed mesotrophic mires (6500 to 4500 cal. a BP); 4. Birch–pine forests and oligotrophic (ombrotrophic) bogs with permafrost mounds—palsa bogs (approx. the last 4500 years). Quantitati
西西伯利亚沼泽面积占亚北极地区面积的 50%以上,尽管其厚厚的泥炭沉积物适于对过去长期的地貌和气候变化进行古地理研究,但对其进行的调查仍然很少。这项研究综合使用了多种古生态学方法,包括花粉、孢子、硅藻、NPPs 和大型化石分析,泥炭腐殖化测量,以及定量古气候重建。这种多代理方法被用于研究位于西伯利亚西部北部泰加林和森林-苔原交界处(北纬 65°18′56″,东经 72°52′27″)的一个冻泥炭沼泽(冻泥炭堆)。年代学以 21 个放射性碳年代为基础,并在 CLAM 中进行了校准。研究表明,厚度为 1050 厘米的帕萨沼泽纳迪姆沉积物形成于全新世和第四纪早期。泥炭层(610 厘米厚)的放射性碳测年效果良好,但下层湖沼沉积物和矿物沉积物(440 厘米厚)的放射性碳测年效果不佳。在湖沼沉积物(650-850 厘米)中发现了大量盐水硅藻和外来的新近纪花粉。最古老的沉积物(850-1050 厘米)有二次表生成岩的迹象,表现为低温富铁颗粒。湖相沉积物和底层沉积物都含有丰富的针叶树花粉。同时,在低层沉积物中没有发现可追溯到末次冰川时代的孢粉复合体,原因是年代不准确。为了解释这一现象,作者提出了 "冰期沉积补偿"(glyacioisostatic compensation)的假说,根据这一假说,研究区域在末次冰川时期被抬升,古代沉积物在亚冰期条件下经历了二次成岩作用。全新世的湖泊沉积大约在公元前 9800 年开始形成。这些湖沼沉积物富含重新沉积的新近纪花粉和硅藻。这被解释为研究区域在全新世早期受过度潮湿气候和地貌地质沉降的影响。这导致了湖泊的形成,并通过集水区地势较高地区的地表径流引入了外来微化石。纳定姆地段的新生代沉积只与公元前 8400 年的泥炭沼泽沉积有关。利用孢粉、大型化石、腐殖质和净生产力数据以及弗-阿-克里马诺夫(V.A. Klimanov)的信息统计方法,重建了这一时期的植被动态和古气候定量变化。孢粉分析揭示了植被发展的四个主要阶段:1.云杉-冷杉林与开阔的草地和湖泊(公元前 8400-7600 年);2. 云杉林和解冻的富营养化(矿化)沼泽占主导地位(公元前 7600-6500 年);3.针叶林-桦树林和解冻的中营养型沼泽(公元前 6500 年至公元前 4500 年);4. 桦树-松树林和带永久冻土丘的低营养型(ombrotrophic)沼泽--帕尔萨沼泽(近 4500 年)。根据花粉数据进行的古气候定量重建表明,在大多数情况下,一月和七月平均气温急剧下降的时期与太阳活动不足的时期相吻合。太阳活动对研究地区土壤和沼泽中永久冻土的形成具有决定性影响。自公元前 8400 年以来,太阳活动的最小值周期性地在研究泥炭地的沼泽中形成永久冻土,但泥炭沼泽的完全冻结和沼泽的形成发生在公元前 2800 年左右。
{"title":"Late Quaternary Dynamics of Landscape and Climate in the North of the West Siberian Plain Revealed by Paleoecological Studies of Peat and Lake Sediments","authors":"Tatina Blyakharchuk, Nikita Shefer, Olga Ponomareva, Hong-Chun Li","doi":"10.3390/quat7010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/quat7010001","url":null,"abstract":"West Siberian mires covering more than 50% of area in the subarctic are still poorly investigated despite their thick peat sediments suitable for paleogeographic research of past long-term landscape and climatic changes. In this research, a combination of paleoecological methods were used, including the analysis of pollen, spores, diatoms, NPPs, and macrofossils, the measurement of peat humification, and quantitative paleoclimate reconstruction. This multi-proxy approach was applied to study a palsa bog (frost peat heave mound) located in the north of western Siberia on the border of the northern taiga and forest–tundra (65°18′56″ N, 72°52′27″ E). Chronology is based on 21 radiocarbon dates, which were calibrated in CLAM. Studies have shown that sediments of palsa bog Nadym of a 1050 cm thickness were formed both in the Holocene and earlier periods of the Quaternary. Radiocarbon dating worked well for peat sequences (610 cm thick), but failed for underlying lacustrine and mineral sediments (440 cm thick). Numerous remains of salt-water diatoms and exotic Neogene pollen were found in the lacustrine sediments (650–850 cm). The oldest sediments (850–1050 cm) have signs of secondary epicryogenic diagenesis in the form of cryogenic iron-enriched granules. Both lacustrine and bottom sediments contain abundant coniferous pollen. At the same time, spore–pollen complexes dated to the Last Glacial Age were not found in low sediments because of failed dates. To explain this, the authors turn to the hypothesis of glyacioisostatic compensation, according to which the study area was uplifted during the Last Glacial Age and the ancient deposits underwent secondary diagenesis in subaerial conditions. Holocene lacustrine sedimentation began to form about 9800 cal. a BP. These lacustrine sediments turned out to be enriched in redeposited Neogene pollen and diatoms. It was interpreted as an influence of excess humid climate in combination with geological subsidence of landscape in the study area during the Early Holocene. This caused lake formation and introduction of exotic microfossils via surface run-off from higher-relief areas in the catchment. Syngenetic sedimentation in the Nadym section is associated only with peat-mire deposits covering the last 8400 cal. a BP. For this time, the dynamic of vegetation cover and quantitative changes in paleoclimate were reconstructed using spore–pollen, macrofossil, humus, and NPP data as well as the information–statistical method of V.A. Klimanov. The spore–pollen analysis revealed four main phases in the development of vegetation cover: 1. Spruce–birch forests with open meadows and lakes (8400–7600 cal. a BP); 2. Dominance of spruce forests and thawed eutrophic (minerotrophic) mires (7600 to 6500 cal. a BP); 3. Coniferous–birch forests and thawed mesotrophic mires (6500 to 4500 cal. a BP); 4. Birch–pine forests and oligotrophic (ombrotrophic) bogs with permafrost mounds—palsa bogs (approx. the last 4500 years). Quantitati","PeriodicalId":54131,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary","volume":"66 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Latest Occurrence of Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis (Rhinocerotidae) in Europe: The Skeletons from the Cova del Rinoceront Site (Castelldefels, Barcelona) Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis(犀牛科)在欧洲的最近出现:来自 Cova del Rinoceront 遗址(巴塞罗那 Castelldefels)的骨骼
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3390/quat6040060
David García-Fernández, E. Cerdeño, M. Sanz, Joan Daura
New rhino remains recovered from Cova del Rinoceront (Castelldefels, Barcelona) confirm the presence of Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis (Toula, 1902) at the site and the taxon’s persistence until the late Middle–early Upper Pleistocene in Europe, that is, its latest documented occurrence. The three individuals recovered from the site are compared with specimens of other Pleistocene species, including those of S. hemitoechus, S. kirchbergensis and Coelodonta antiquitatis, but their anatomical characteristics (a long skull, moderate occipital elevation, partial nasal septum, and slender zygomatic arch) do not coincide with the latter’s documented features. Certain similarities are found with the most frequently occurring rhinocerotid at that time in the Iberian Peninsula, S. hemitoechus, but the cranial features of the latter differ. The anatomical characteristics of the Cova del Rinoceront individuals coincide most closely with those of S. hundsheimensis (i.e., a high occipital face, with rounded proximolateral angles and oblique lateral borders, as well as the frontoparietal angle, and facial development). Despite the marked overlaps in the general measurements of S. hundsheimensis and S. hemitoechus, many (cranial and postcranial) dimensions of the Cova del Rinoceront individuals coincide more closely with those of the former, although some bone proportions are more similar to those of the latter specimens. Therefore, S. kirchbergensis and C. antiquitatis can be discarded as they tend to be larger, more robust species.
从 Cova del Rinoceront(巴塞罗那 Castelldefels)发掘的新犀牛遗骸证实了 Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis(Toula,1902 年)在该遗址的存在,以及该分类群在欧洲一直持续到中更新世晚期-上更新世早期,即其有文献记载的最近出现时间。从该遗址发现的三个个体与其他更新世物种的标本进行了比较,包括 S. hemitoechus、S. kirchbergensis 和 Coelodonta antiquitatis 的标本,但它们的解剖特征(长头骨、适度枕骨隆起、部分鼻中隔和细长的颧弓)与后者的文献特征并不一致。它与当时伊比利亚半岛最常见的犀牛科动物 S. hemitoechus 有某些相似之处,但后者的头骨特征有所不同。Cova del Rinoceront个体的解剖特征与S. hundsheimensis最为吻合(即枕面高,近外侧角圆,侧缘斜,前顶角和面部发育)。尽管 S. hundsheimensis 和 S. hemitoechus 的一般测量值有明显的重叠,但 Cova del Rinoceront 个体的许多(颅骨和颅后)尺寸与前者更为接近,尽管某些骨骼比例与后者的标本更为相似。因此,可以放弃 S. kirchbergensis 和 C. antiquitatis,因为它们往往是体型更大、更健壮的物种。
{"title":"The Latest Occurrence of Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis (Rhinocerotidae) in Europe: The Skeletons from the Cova del Rinoceront Site (Castelldefels, Barcelona)","authors":"David García-Fernández, E. Cerdeño, M. Sanz, Joan Daura","doi":"10.3390/quat6040060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/quat6040060","url":null,"abstract":"New rhino remains recovered from Cova del Rinoceront (Castelldefels, Barcelona) confirm the presence of Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis (Toula, 1902) at the site and the taxon’s persistence until the late Middle–early Upper Pleistocene in Europe, that is, its latest documented occurrence. The three individuals recovered from the site are compared with specimens of other Pleistocene species, including those of S. hemitoechus, S. kirchbergensis and Coelodonta antiquitatis, but their anatomical characteristics (a long skull, moderate occipital elevation, partial nasal septum, and slender zygomatic arch) do not coincide with the latter’s documented features. Certain similarities are found with the most frequently occurring rhinocerotid at that time in the Iberian Peninsula, S. hemitoechus, but the cranial features of the latter differ. The anatomical characteristics of the Cova del Rinoceront individuals coincide most closely with those of S. hundsheimensis (i.e., a high occipital face, with rounded proximolateral angles and oblique lateral borders, as well as the frontoparietal angle, and facial development). Despite the marked overlaps in the general measurements of S. hundsheimensis and S. hemitoechus, many (cranial and postcranial) dimensions of the Cova del Rinoceront individuals coincide more closely with those of the former, although some bone proportions are more similar to those of the latter specimens. Therefore, S. kirchbergensis and C. antiquitatis can be discarded as they tend to be larger, more robust species.","PeriodicalId":54131,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quaternary Mammals from Central-Western Argentina in the Stratigraphic Context of Southern South America 南美洲地层背景下的阿根廷中西部第四纪哺乳动物
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/quat6040059
E. Cerdeño, Natalia P. Lucero, J. Chiesa
This is an updated contribution to the Quaternary geology and paleontology from central-western Argentina, focused on San Luis Province. It is mostly based on unpublished data; only some fossils had previously been briefly mentioned in broader faunal contexts. The fossil-bearing sediments correspond to eolian and alluvial environments of moderate energy, dominated by sands and sandy silts. They overlie high-energy fluvial cycles and underlie edaphic horizons. They have a wide distribution, and several radiocarbon dates allow their regional correlation. Stratigraphic sequences with the precise origin of fossils allow for the improvement of lithostratigraphic and faunal correlations with the Pampean Region (central and east Argentina; La Pampa and Buenos Aires provinces), where Pleistocene assemblages are better known, but also with central-western (Cuyo Region), northwestern, and northeastern Argentina. Faunal remains correspond to large mammals, represented by xenarthrans (Cingulata and Tardigrada), macraucheniids (Litopterna), gomphotheres (Proboscidea), and equids (Perissodactyla), a typical Pleistocene mixture of native (xenarthrans and litopterns) and immigrant mammals.
这是对阿根廷中西部第四纪地质学和古生物学的最新贡献,主要集中在圣路易斯省。它主要基于未发表的数据;以前只有一些化石在更广泛的动物背景中被简要地提到过。含化石沉积物属于中等能量的风成和冲积环境,以砂质和砂质粉砂为主。它们覆盖在高能量的河流旋回之上,在地平面之下。它们分布广泛,几个放射性碳测年证实了它们的区域相关性。具有精确化石起源的地层层序可以改善与潘潘地区(阿根廷中部和东部;La Pampa和Buenos Aires省),在那里更新世的组合更为人所知,但也与阿根廷中西部(Cuyo地区),西北部和东北部。动物化石对应的是大型哺乳动物,代表有异爪目(钩爪目和熊爪目)、巨爪目(狐目目)、齿形目(喙目目)和马科(异爪目),这是一个典型的更新世本土(异爪目和狐目)和移民哺乳动物的混合体。
{"title":"Quaternary Mammals from Central-Western Argentina in the Stratigraphic Context of Southern South America","authors":"E. Cerdeño, Natalia P. Lucero, J. Chiesa","doi":"10.3390/quat6040059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/quat6040059","url":null,"abstract":"This is an updated contribution to the Quaternary geology and paleontology from central-western Argentina, focused on San Luis Province. It is mostly based on unpublished data; only some fossils had previously been briefly mentioned in broader faunal contexts. The fossil-bearing sediments correspond to eolian and alluvial environments of moderate energy, dominated by sands and sandy silts. They overlie high-energy fluvial cycles and underlie edaphic horizons. They have a wide distribution, and several radiocarbon dates allow their regional correlation. Stratigraphic sequences with the precise origin of fossils allow for the improvement of lithostratigraphic and faunal correlations with the Pampean Region (central and east Argentina; La Pampa and Buenos Aires provinces), where Pleistocene assemblages are better known, but also with central-western (Cuyo Region), northwestern, and northeastern Argentina. Faunal remains correspond to large mammals, represented by xenarthrans (Cingulata and Tardigrada), macraucheniids (Litopterna), gomphotheres (Proboscidea), and equids (Perissodactyla), a typical Pleistocene mixture of native (xenarthrans and litopterns) and immigrant mammals.","PeriodicalId":54131,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Past and Present Drivers of Karst Formation of Ciénega de El Mangle, Panama 巴拿马 Ciénega de El Mangle 喀斯特形成的过去和现在的驱动因素
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.3390/quat6040058
J. Rivera-Solís, Adolfo Quesada-Román, Fran Domazetović
Tropical coastal karst areas represent dynamic, fragile, and biodiverse environments. Central America’s karst regions have been scarcely studied, with most of the research focused on the northern part of the region and on several larger cave systems. The coastal carbonate zones of the Central American region represent a unique karstic landscape, which, so far, has been insufficiently studied. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to describe the (i) landscape geomorphology and (ii) chemical conditions that define Ciénega de El Mangle in Panama as a distinctive karstic site. Carried geomorphological mapping and the characterization of karstic features have resulted in the identification of the different karstic forms and processes that are present within this unique karstic area. Considering that the chosen karstic study area is located in a marine–coastal fringe on the periphery of a lagoon, it is affected by a combination of several factors and processes, including seawater intrusion (through sinkholes), the formation of conchiferous limestone (CaCO3), and NaCl precipitation related to efflorescence. Due to the seasonally humid tropical climate, the chemical weathering processes are intense, thus forming alkaline soils that are hindering the development of mangrove vegetation. The geomorphology of the area results from intense evaporation combined with an influx of brackish groundwater, due to which a landscape has evolved in the marine–coastal strips, of seasonal tropical climates, that exhibit saline beaches, known as a littoral shott. In total, 24 karstic microdolines have evolved within the shott, of which six represent domical geoforms formed by gradual evaporitic precipitation, while seven other geoforms represent active karstic sinkholes filled with brackish water. These results are key for understanding the past and present climate interactions and conditions that have led to the formation of tropical karst environments.
热带沿海岩溶地区代表着动态、脆弱和生物多样性的环境。对中美洲岩溶地区的研究很少,大部分研究集中在该地区的北部和几个较大的洞穴系统。中美洲地区的沿海碳酸盐岩带是一种独特的岩溶地貌,但迄今为止,对它的研究还很不够。因此,在本文中,我们旨在描述 (i) 地形地貌和 (ii) 化学条件,以确定巴拿马的 Ciénega de El Mangle 是一个独特的岩溶地貌。通过地貌测绘和岩溶特征描述,我们确定了这一独特岩溶地区的不同岩溶形态和岩溶过程。考虑到所选的岩溶研究区位于泻湖外围的海洋-海岸边缘地带,它受到多种因素和过程的综合影响,包括海水入侵(通过天坑)、海螺状石灰岩(CaCO3)的形成以及与渗出有关的氯化钠沉淀。由于热带气候季节性潮湿,化学风化过程强烈,从而形成碱性土壤,阻碍了红树林植被的发展。该地区的地貌是由于强烈的蒸发和咸水地下水的涌入造成的,因此在热带季节性气候的海洋-海岸带形成了一种景观,表现为盐碱海滩,即所谓的滨海滩涂。在海岸带内总共形成了 24 个岩溶微地貌,其中 6 个地貌是由逐渐蒸发的降水形成的穹隆地貌,另外 7 个地貌是充满咸水的活跃岩溶天坑。这些结果对于了解热带岩溶环境形成的过去和现在的气候相互作用和条件至关重要。
{"title":"Past and Present Drivers of Karst Formation of Ciénega de El Mangle, Panama","authors":"J. Rivera-Solís, Adolfo Quesada-Román, Fran Domazetović","doi":"10.3390/quat6040058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/quat6040058","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical coastal karst areas represent dynamic, fragile, and biodiverse environments. Central America’s karst regions have been scarcely studied, with most of the research focused on the northern part of the region and on several larger cave systems. The coastal carbonate zones of the Central American region represent a unique karstic landscape, which, so far, has been insufficiently studied. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to describe the (i) landscape geomorphology and (ii) chemical conditions that define Ciénega de El Mangle in Panama as a distinctive karstic site. Carried geomorphological mapping and the characterization of karstic features have resulted in the identification of the different karstic forms and processes that are present within this unique karstic area. Considering that the chosen karstic study area is located in a marine–coastal fringe on the periphery of a lagoon, it is affected by a combination of several factors and processes, including seawater intrusion (through sinkholes), the formation of conchiferous limestone (CaCO3), and NaCl precipitation related to efflorescence. Due to the seasonally humid tropical climate, the chemical weathering processes are intense, thus forming alkaline soils that are hindering the development of mangrove vegetation. The geomorphology of the area results from intense evaporation combined with an influx of brackish groundwater, due to which a landscape has evolved in the marine–coastal strips, of seasonal tropical climates, that exhibit saline beaches, known as a littoral shott. In total, 24 karstic microdolines have evolved within the shott, of which six represent domical geoforms formed by gradual evaporitic precipitation, while seven other geoforms represent active karstic sinkholes filled with brackish water. These results are key for understanding the past and present climate interactions and conditions that have led to the formation of tropical karst environments.","PeriodicalId":54131,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Fox from Bajiazui (Qingyang, Central China) and an Update on Early Pleistocene Foxes from China 来自巴家嘴(中国中部庆阳)的狐狸和中国早更新世狐狸的最新情况
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.3390/quat6040057
Saverio Bartolini-Lucenti, Qigao Jiangzuo, Hao Jiang, Zhaoyu Li, Kun Xie, J. Madurell-Malapeira
(1) Background: despite the fact that nowadays the genus Vulpes Frisch, 1775, is the most diverse among extant Canidae, its fossil record is utterly scarce, especially in the Asian Pliocene. The sparse nature of this record further complicates the reconstruction of the evolutionary scenario to fit these taxa with extant species. The situation seems to change slightly in the Early Pleistocene when two species are recorded: Vulpes alopecoides (Del Campana, 1913) in Europe and Vulpes chikushanensis, Young, 1930, in Asian localities. Unlike the former, which has an extensive record, the remains of the Chinese V. chikushanensis are sporadic and the validity of the taxon has also been questioned. (2) Methods: the study of the specimens from the Early Pleistocene site of Bajiazui (1.8–1.2 Ma, Qingyang, Gansu) in comparison to an extensive sample of Vulpes spp. The Pliocene–Early Pleistocene is relevant for the delimitation of fossil foxes variability; (3) Results: morphologically and morphometrically, the specimens of Bajiazui fit with the specimens of V. chikushanensis from other Chinese localities of the Early Pleistocene, e.g., Longdan (Gansu) and Huiyu (Fangshang), highlighting some difference with the latest Early Pleistocene forms of Jigushan fox; (4) Conclusions: the revision of the Asian fossil record of Vulpes is crucial in our attempt to understand and reconstruct the evolution of carnivoran guild during the late Early Pleistocene (1.8–0.8 Ma). The fox remains from Bajiazui, although fragmentary, add a valuable piece to our knowledge of V. chikushanensis, a species possibly strongly related to the extant Vulpes corsac (Linnaeus, 1768).
(1) 背景:尽管弗里施(Frisch,1775)狐属(Vulpes Frisch,1775)是现存犬科中种类最多的,但其化石记录却非常稀少,尤其是在亚洲上新世。这种记录的稀缺性使重建这些类群与现存物种的进化情景变得更加复杂。早更新世的情况似乎略有改变,当时记录了两个物种:欧洲的 Vulpes alopecoides(Del Campana,1913 年)和亚洲的 Vulpes chikushanensis(Young,1930 年)。与前者的广泛记录不同,中国的筑山狐(Vulpes chikushanensis)的遗存很零散,该分类群的有效性也受到质疑。(2)研究方法:将甘肃庆阳八家嘴早更新世遗址(1.8-1.2Ma)的标本与大量的Vulpes属动物标本进行对比研究,以确定Vulpes属动物在中国的分布情况。(3) 结果:从形态学和形态计量学上看,巴家嘴的标本与中国其他早更新世地点的狐狸标本相吻合,如甘肃陇丹和甘肃庆阳的狐狸标本;从形态学和形态计量学上看,巴家嘴的狐狸标本与中国其他早更新世地点的狐狸标本相吻合,如甘肃庆阳的狐狸标本、(4)结论:对亚洲狐化石记录的修订对于我们理解和重建早更新世晚期(1.8-0.8Ma)食肉动物的演化过程至关重要。巴家嘴的狐狸化石虽然残缺不全,但为我们了解筑山狐(V. chikushanensis)增添了宝贵的资料,筑山狐可能与现存的科萨克狐(Vulpes corsac)(林奈,1768 年)有密切的亲缘关系。
{"title":"The Fox from Bajiazui (Qingyang, Central China) and an Update on Early Pleistocene Foxes from China","authors":"Saverio Bartolini-Lucenti, Qigao Jiangzuo, Hao Jiang, Zhaoyu Li, Kun Xie, J. Madurell-Malapeira","doi":"10.3390/quat6040057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/quat6040057","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Background: despite the fact that nowadays the genus Vulpes Frisch, 1775, is the most diverse among extant Canidae, its fossil record is utterly scarce, especially in the Asian Pliocene. The sparse nature of this record further complicates the reconstruction of the evolutionary scenario to fit these taxa with extant species. The situation seems to change slightly in the Early Pleistocene when two species are recorded: Vulpes alopecoides (Del Campana, 1913) in Europe and Vulpes chikushanensis, Young, 1930, in Asian localities. Unlike the former, which has an extensive record, the remains of the Chinese V. chikushanensis are sporadic and the validity of the taxon has also been questioned. (2) Methods: the study of the specimens from the Early Pleistocene site of Bajiazui (1.8–1.2 Ma, Qingyang, Gansu) in comparison to an extensive sample of Vulpes spp. The Pliocene–Early Pleistocene is relevant for the delimitation of fossil foxes variability; (3) Results: morphologically and morphometrically, the specimens of Bajiazui fit with the specimens of V. chikushanensis from other Chinese localities of the Early Pleistocene, e.g., Longdan (Gansu) and Huiyu (Fangshang), highlighting some difference with the latest Early Pleistocene forms of Jigushan fox; (4) Conclusions: the revision of the Asian fossil record of Vulpes is crucial in our attempt to understand and reconstruct the evolution of carnivoran guild during the late Early Pleistocene (1.8–0.8 Ma). The fox remains from Bajiazui, although fragmentary, add a valuable piece to our knowledge of V. chikushanensis, a species possibly strongly related to the extant Vulpes corsac (Linnaeus, 1768).","PeriodicalId":54131,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ecological Constraints and Drivers for Human Dispersals and Adaptations in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Environments of the East Siberian Arctic 东西伯利亚北极晚更新世和全新世早期环境中人类迁移和适应的生态约束和驱动因素
Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.3390/quat6040056
Vladimir V. Pitulko, Elena Y. Pavlova
Starting roughly 50,000 years ago, the Arctic region of East Siberia remained continuously populated by groups of anatomically modern humans including the most uncomfortable episodes in the development of the late Quaternary environment; for some of them, human presence in the area became ephemeral. At present, archaeological fossil records allow for distinguishing three main stages in human occupation of the area: Early (~50 to ~29 ka, MIS 3), middle (~29 to ~11.7 ka, MIS 2), and late (from 11.7 to ~8 ka). For most of the time, they the populated open landscapes of the Mammoth Steppe, which declined at the onset of the Holocene. Human settlement of the Arctic was driven by various abiotic and biotic factors and thus archaeologically visible cardinal cultural and technological changes correspond to the most important paleoclimatic and habitat changes in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Successful peopling of the Arctic was largely facilitated by the adoption of critically important innovations such as sewing technology based on the use of the eyed bone needle and the manufacture of long shafts and pointed implements made of mammoth tusks. Mammoth exploitation is seen in mass accumulations of mammoths formed by hunting. An obvious connection between archaeological materials and such accumulations is observed in the archaeological record. In the lithic technology, the early stage is presented by archaic-looking flake industries. Starting the LGM, the wedge-core based-microblade technology known as the Beringian microblade tradition spread widely following the shrinkage of the mammoth range. At the late stage, starting at the Holocene boundary, microprismatic blade technology occurs. In all stages, the complex social behavior of the ancient Arctic settlers is revealed. The long-distance transport of products, knowledge, and genes occurs due to the introduction of the land transportation system. Initial human settlement of this region is associated with carriers of the West Eurasian genome who became replaced by the population with East Asian ancestry constantly moving North under the pressure of climate change.
从大约5万年前开始,东西伯利亚的北极地区一直居住着解剖学上的现代人群体,包括晚第四纪环境发展中最不舒服的时期;对其中一些人来说,人类在该地区的存在变得短暂。目前,考古化石记录将人类在该地区的活动划分为三个主要阶段:早期(~50 ~ ~29 ka, MIS 3)、中期(~29 ~ ~11.7 ka, MIS 2)和晚期(~ 11.7 ~ ~8 ka)。在大多数时间里,它们居住在猛犸草原的开阔景观中,而猛犸草原在全新世开始时有所减少。北极的人类定居受到多种非生物和生物因素的驱动,因此考古上可见的主要文化和技术变化与晚更新世和全新世早期最重要的古气候和栖息地变化相对应。人类在北极的成功居住很大程度上得益于采用了一些至关重要的创新,比如基于眼骨针的缝纫技术,以及用猛犸象牙制造长轴和尖头工具。猛犸象的开发是在狩猎形成的大量猛犸象聚集中看到的。在考古记录中观察到考古材料和这种堆积之间的明显联系。在岩屑技术中,早期的阶段是仿古的片状工业。从LGM开始,基于楔形核心的微刀片技术被称为白令陆桥微刀片传统,随着巨大范围的缩小而广泛传播。后期,从全新世边界开始,出现了微棱柱形叶片技术。在各个阶段,揭示了古代北极定居者复杂的社会行为。由于陆地运输系统的引入,产品、知识和基因的远距离运输得以实现。该地区最初的人类定居与西欧亚基因组的携带者有关,这些携带者在气候变化的压力下不断向北移动,被具有东亚血统的人群所取代。
{"title":"Ecological Constraints and Drivers for Human Dispersals and Adaptations in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Environments of the East Siberian Arctic","authors":"Vladimir V. Pitulko, Elena Y. Pavlova","doi":"10.3390/quat6040056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/quat6040056","url":null,"abstract":"Starting roughly 50,000 years ago, the Arctic region of East Siberia remained continuously populated by groups of anatomically modern humans including the most uncomfortable episodes in the development of the late Quaternary environment; for some of them, human presence in the area became ephemeral. At present, archaeological fossil records allow for distinguishing three main stages in human occupation of the area: Early (~50 to ~29 ka, MIS 3), middle (~29 to ~11.7 ka, MIS 2), and late (from 11.7 to ~8 ka). For most of the time, they the populated open landscapes of the Mammoth Steppe, which declined at the onset of the Holocene. Human settlement of the Arctic was driven by various abiotic and biotic factors and thus archaeologically visible cardinal cultural and technological changes correspond to the most important paleoclimatic and habitat changes in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Successful peopling of the Arctic was largely facilitated by the adoption of critically important innovations such as sewing technology based on the use of the eyed bone needle and the manufacture of long shafts and pointed implements made of mammoth tusks. Mammoth exploitation is seen in mass accumulations of mammoths formed by hunting. An obvious connection between archaeological materials and such accumulations is observed in the archaeological record. In the lithic technology, the early stage is presented by archaic-looking flake industries. Starting the LGM, the wedge-core based-microblade technology known as the Beringian microblade tradition spread widely following the shrinkage of the mammoth range. At the late stage, starting at the Holocene boundary, microprismatic blade technology occurs. In all stages, the complex social behavior of the ancient Arctic settlers is revealed. The long-distance transport of products, knowledge, and genes occurs due to the introduction of the land transportation system. Initial human settlement of this region is associated with carriers of the West Eurasian genome who became replaced by the population with East Asian ancestry constantly moving North under the pressure of climate change.","PeriodicalId":54131,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary","volume":"10 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The River Valleys of the Greek Colony of Selinunte: Results of an Offshore Investigation 希腊塞利努特殖民地的河谷:一项近海调查的结果
Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.3390/quat6040055
Emanuele Lodolo, Luca Baradello, László Szentpeteri, Michele Deponte, Emiliano Gordini, Dario Civile
The ancient Greek colony of Selinunte, with its acropolis on a promontory on the south-western coast of Sicily, is flanked by two valleys where two modest rivers flow today: the Modione to the west and the Cottone to the east. Archaeological reconstructions, historical documents from various sources, and recent remote sensing surveys indicate two important bays corresponding to the ancient mouths of these two rivers, now completely covered by a thick layer of sediments. It is believed that the ports of the colony were located in these bays, although the remains of these ports are still sparse and contradictory. Here we present a multibeam bathymetric map of part of the marine area immediately off Selinunte and a series of high-resolution seismic profiles acquired parallel to the coastline. They show the geometries and stratigraphic context of the two buried river valleys offshore, from which information about the palaeoenvironmental setting and evolution of the landscape can be derived and which may be used in adequately guiding future archaeological excavation programs.
古希腊殖民地塞利努特(Selinunte)及其卫城位于西西里岛西南海岸的一个海角上,两侧是两条山谷,今天两条温和的河流在这里流淌:莫迪奥内河(Modione)向西流淌,科通河(Cottone)向东流淌。考古重建、各种来源的历史文献和最近的遥感调查表明,两个重要的海湾与这两条河流的古代河口相对应,现在完全被一层厚厚的沉积物覆盖。人们相信殖民地的港口位于这些海湾,尽管这些港口的遗迹仍然稀少且相互矛盾。在这里,我们展示了Selinunte附近部分海洋区域的多波束测深图,以及平行于海岸线获得的一系列高分辨率地震剖面。它们显示了两个近海埋藏河谷的几何形状和地层背景,从中可以获得有关古环境背景和景观演变的信息,并可能用于充分指导未来的考古发掘计划。
{"title":"The River Valleys of the Greek Colony of Selinunte: Results of an Offshore Investigation","authors":"Emanuele Lodolo, Luca Baradello, László Szentpeteri, Michele Deponte, Emiliano Gordini, Dario Civile","doi":"10.3390/quat6040055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/quat6040055","url":null,"abstract":"The ancient Greek colony of Selinunte, with its acropolis on a promontory on the south-western coast of Sicily, is flanked by two valleys where two modest rivers flow today: the Modione to the west and the Cottone to the east. Archaeological reconstructions, historical documents from various sources, and recent remote sensing surveys indicate two important bays corresponding to the ancient mouths of these two rivers, now completely covered by a thick layer of sediments. It is believed that the ports of the colony were located in these bays, although the remains of these ports are still sparse and contradictory. Here we present a multibeam bathymetric map of part of the marine area immediately off Selinunte and a series of high-resolution seismic profiles acquired parallel to the coastline. They show the geometries and stratigraphic context of the two buried river valleys offshore, from which information about the palaeoenvironmental setting and evolution of the landscape can be derived and which may be used in adequately guiding future archaeological excavation programs.","PeriodicalId":54131,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stage or Sub-Stage: The Contribution of Small Mammals to the Characterization of Middle Pleistocene Local Climate Variation 阶段或次阶段:小型哺乳动物对中更新世局部气候变化特征的贡献
Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.3390/quat6040054
Loïc Lebreton, Juan Manuel López-García
In western Europe, the Middle Pleistocene is marked by Acheulean settlement and their diversification after the MIS 12. The Arago cave recovery of numerous human settlements correlate to MIS 14, 13 and MIS 12 making it an important site for the understanding of the Lower Palaeolithic in Southwestern Europe. It is also an important site for the understanding of palaeoenvironments and palaeobiodiversity as it has yielded rich faunal associations. The faunal associations allow us to observe three climatic stages within this study: two cold ones and a mild one. Small vertebrates, with their abundance and their diversity, are particularly useful for observing these periods, which historically have been correlated to glacial or interglacial stages. If the first cold phase, dated 438 ± 31 ka, is correlated to the Marine Isotopic Stage 12 (MIS 12), the correlation of the following phases to isotopic stages can be discussed. They may correspond to climatic variations of the MIS 12. Indeed, the latest studies about palaeoclimatic reconstitution which allow us to define the evolution of the palaeo-temperature show that these differences are relatively small. Therefore, instead of a correlation to MIS 12, 13 and 14, the medium complex of the Arago cave could belong solely to MIS 12. The correlation of these environmental changes to other global data, notably the isotopic curve, is challenging because there are various local factors influencing faunal association. We propose here both hypotheses and discuss the various factors which influence the distribution and the representation of the small vertebrate species present on the site.
在西欧,中更新世以阿舍利聚落及其在MIS 12之后的多样化为标志。阿拉戈洞穴中发现的大量人类住区与MIS 14、13和MIS 12相关,使其成为了解欧洲西南部旧石器时代晚期的重要地点。它也是了解古环境和古生物多样性的重要地点,因为它产生了丰富的动物关联。动物群的关联使我们能够在这项研究中观察到三个气候阶段:两个寒冷阶段和一个温和阶段。小型脊椎动物的丰富性和多样性,对观察这些历史上与冰期或间冰期相关的时期特别有用。如果第一个冷阶段(438±31 ka)与海洋同位素阶段12 (MIS 12)相关,则可以讨论后续阶段与同位素阶段的相关性。它们可能对应于MIS 12的气候变化。事实上,最新的古气候重建研究使我们能够确定古温度的演变,表明这些差异相对较小。因此,阿拉戈洞穴的中等复合体可能只属于MIS 12,而不是与MIS 12, 13和14相关。这些环境变化与其他全球数据(特别是同位素曲线)的相关性具有挑战性,因为有各种局部因素影响着动物群的关联。在此,我们提出了两种假设,并讨论了影响该遗址小型脊椎动物物种分布和代表性的各种因素。
{"title":"Stage or Sub-Stage: The Contribution of Small Mammals to the Characterization of Middle Pleistocene Local Climate Variation","authors":"Loïc Lebreton, Juan Manuel López-García","doi":"10.3390/quat6040054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/quat6040054","url":null,"abstract":"In western Europe, the Middle Pleistocene is marked by Acheulean settlement and their diversification after the MIS 12. The Arago cave recovery of numerous human settlements correlate to MIS 14, 13 and MIS 12 making it an important site for the understanding of the Lower Palaeolithic in Southwestern Europe. It is also an important site for the understanding of palaeoenvironments and palaeobiodiversity as it has yielded rich faunal associations. The faunal associations allow us to observe three climatic stages within this study: two cold ones and a mild one. Small vertebrates, with their abundance and their diversity, are particularly useful for observing these periods, which historically have been correlated to glacial or interglacial stages. If the first cold phase, dated 438 ± 31 ka, is correlated to the Marine Isotopic Stage 12 (MIS 12), the correlation of the following phases to isotopic stages can be discussed. They may correspond to climatic variations of the MIS 12. Indeed, the latest studies about palaeoclimatic reconstitution which allow us to define the evolution of the palaeo-temperature show that these differences are relatively small. Therefore, instead of a correlation to MIS 12, 13 and 14, the medium complex of the Arago cave could belong solely to MIS 12. The correlation of these environmental changes to other global data, notably the isotopic curve, is challenging because there are various local factors influencing faunal association. We propose here both hypotheses and discuss the various factors which influence the distribution and the representation of the small vertebrate species present on the site.","PeriodicalId":54131,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136356429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heat Treatment of Flint at the Late Neanderthal Site Sesselfelsgrotte (Germany) 晚期尼安德特人遗址Sesselfelsgrotte中燧石的热处理(德国)
Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.3390/quat6040052
Aviad Agam, Merlin Hattermann, Iddo Pinkas, Jürgen Richter, Thorsten Uthmeier
We examined lithic artifacts from the late Neanderthal site Sesselfelsgrotte (Bavaria, Germany) in order to evaluate the possibility of fire use and intentional flint heat treatment performed by late Neanderthals. We analyzed 1113 flint pieces from the G-layer complex (~60 to 45 kya; Micoquian) and 946 from the lower-layer complex (~115 to 70 kya; Mousterian). Based on macroscopic traits associated with the exposure of flint to heat and fire, we assigned artifacts to one of three groups: burnt, unburnt, and possibly intentionally heated. Our results show that while both complexes demonstrate the clear presence of fire, fire is more common in the younger G-layer complex. Moreover, possibly intentionally heated pieces are significantly more frequent in the G-layer complex, especially among the tools and specifically among side scrapers, suggesting a link between heat treatment and the production of these tools, most probably due to their functional and cultural significance. We therefore suggest that the flint in the G-layer complex of Sesselfelsgrotte underwent intentional heat treatment. The proportions of burnt flint artifacts in both complexes suggest an intensification in fire use at the site over time, while the appearance of possibly intentionally heated artifacts in the G-layer complex suggests the development of this advanced pyrotechnology by Neanderthals sometime between these two timeframes. Our results are supported by sedimentological and faunal data. We view these results as further indication of the advanced cognitive and technological capabilities of Neanderthals, which did not fall short of those of early modern humans.
我们检查了来自尼安德特人晚期遗址Sesselfelsgrotte(德国巴伐利亚州)的石器制品,以评估晚期尼安德特人使用火和故意进行燧石热处理的可能性。我们分析了来自g层复合物(~60 ~ 45 kya)的1113块燧石;Micoquian)和946来自下层杂岩(~115 ~ 70 kya);莫斯特文化)。根据燧石暴露在高温和火下的宏观特征,我们将文物分为三组:燃烧过的,未燃烧过的,可能是故意加热过的。我们的结果表明,虽然这两种配合物都清楚地显示出火的存在,但火在较年轻的g层配合物中更为常见。此外,可能有意加热的碎片在g层复合体中更为频繁,特别是在工具中,特别是在侧面刮刀中,这表明热处理与这些工具的生产之间存在联系,很可能是由于它们的功能和文化意义。因此,我们认为Sesselfelsgrotte的g层复合体中的燧石经过了有意的热处理。两个建筑群中燃烧的燧石文物的比例表明,随着时间的推移,该遗址的火使用有所加强,而g层建筑群中可能有意加热的文物的出现表明,尼安德特人在这两个时间框架之间的某个时间发展了这种先进的烟火技术。我们的研究结果得到了沉积学和动物学数据的支持。我们认为,这些结果进一步表明,尼安德特人拥有先进的认知和技术能力,并不逊于早期现代人。
{"title":"Heat Treatment of Flint at the Late Neanderthal Site Sesselfelsgrotte (Germany)","authors":"Aviad Agam, Merlin Hattermann, Iddo Pinkas, Jürgen Richter, Thorsten Uthmeier","doi":"10.3390/quat6040052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/quat6040052","url":null,"abstract":"We examined lithic artifacts from the late Neanderthal site Sesselfelsgrotte (Bavaria, Germany) in order to evaluate the possibility of fire use and intentional flint heat treatment performed by late Neanderthals. We analyzed 1113 flint pieces from the G-layer complex (~60 to 45 kya; Micoquian) and 946 from the lower-layer complex (~115 to 70 kya; Mousterian). Based on macroscopic traits associated with the exposure of flint to heat and fire, we assigned artifacts to one of three groups: burnt, unburnt, and possibly intentionally heated. Our results show that while both complexes demonstrate the clear presence of fire, fire is more common in the younger G-layer complex. Moreover, possibly intentionally heated pieces are significantly more frequent in the G-layer complex, especially among the tools and specifically among side scrapers, suggesting a link between heat treatment and the production of these tools, most probably due to their functional and cultural significance. We therefore suggest that the flint in the G-layer complex of Sesselfelsgrotte underwent intentional heat treatment. The proportions of burnt flint artifacts in both complexes suggest an intensification in fire use at the site over time, while the appearance of possibly intentionally heated artifacts in the G-layer complex suggests the development of this advanced pyrotechnology by Neanderthals sometime between these two timeframes. Our results are supported by sedimentological and faunal data. We view these results as further indication of the advanced cognitive and technological capabilities of Neanderthals, which did not fall short of those of early modern humans.","PeriodicalId":54131,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135301283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Long-Term Deep Loessal Sediments of Northeast China: Loess or Loessal Paleosols? 东北长期黄土深层沉积物:黄土还是黄土古土壤?
Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.3390/quat6040053
Zhong-Xiu Sun, Nai-Wen Zhang, Ying-Ying Jiang, Qiu-Bing Wang, Gan-Lin Zhang
Previous research assumed deep buried loess as the initial composition of the overlying paleosol and failed to address the long-term continuous pedogenic weathering history in the deep loess-paleosol sequence, which was attributed to little understanding on the difference between loess and paleosol in the long-term deep loess-paleosol sequence. To distinguish between the loess and paleosol, in the long-term deep loess-paleosol sequence in northeast China, the morphology, dust deposition fluxes, geochemical characteristics, magnetic susceptibility, and grain size distributions were investigated. Results showed that the loess layers buried at depth could be differentiated from the paleosol by their poor pedogenic development. The presence of coarser grains in the loess as well as lesser amounts of clay and Fe–Mn coatings compared to paleosol indicated weaker weathering of the loess. Also, optical iron clay films deposited on the surface of the skeleton particles were less visible in the loesses than in the paleosols. From the loess evolution perspective, the pedogenic formation process of the newly formed loess soils should be considered as important as that of the reddish paleosol layer based on criteria of formation time, depth within profile, and morphological characteristics. The formation of the reddish or yellowish paleosol layer was constrained by pedogenic environments associated with climatic change and by the relative rates of deposition and pedogenesis. The terms “loessal paleosol” and “loessal paleosol sequence” are suggested to aid in systematically and consistently addressing the long-term pedogenic weathering evolution recorded in the complex formation of deep loess and paleosol sequences in pedology research. The long-term deep loessal sediments of Northeast China are loessal paleosols, which cannot be simply used as a reference for the overlying paleosol and be deducted from pedogenesis consideration.
以往的研究假设深埋黄土为上覆古土壤的初始成分,未能解决深埋黄土-古土壤序列中长期连续的成土风化历史,对长期深埋黄土-古土壤序列中黄土与古土壤的差异认识不足。为了区分黄土和古土壤,研究了东北地区长期深层黄土-古土壤序列的形态、沙尘通量、地球化学特征、磁化率和粒度分布。结果表明,深埋黄土与古土壤的成土发育程度较差。与古土壤相比,黄土颗粒较粗,粘土和铁锰包层较少,表明黄土风化较弱。此外,沉积在骨骼颗粒表面的光学铁粘土膜在黄土中比在古土壤中更不明显。从黄土演化的角度看,从新形成的黄土土的成土过程应与红色古土壤层的成土过程同等重要,以形成时间、剖面深度和形态特征为标准。红色或淡黄色古土壤层的形成受与气候变化有关的成土环境以及沉积和成土的相对速率的制约。提出了“黄土古土壤”和“黄土古土壤序列”的概念,以便在土壤学研究中系统、一致地描述深层黄土和古土壤序列复杂地层中所记录的长期成土风化演化过程。东北地区长期深层黄土沉积物是黄土古土壤,不能简单地作为上覆古土壤的参考而不考虑成土作用。
{"title":"The Long-Term Deep Loessal Sediments of Northeast China: Loess or Loessal Paleosols?","authors":"Zhong-Xiu Sun, Nai-Wen Zhang, Ying-Ying Jiang, Qiu-Bing Wang, Gan-Lin Zhang","doi":"10.3390/quat6040053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/quat6040053","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research assumed deep buried loess as the initial composition of the overlying paleosol and failed to address the long-term continuous pedogenic weathering history in the deep loess-paleosol sequence, which was attributed to little understanding on the difference between loess and paleosol in the long-term deep loess-paleosol sequence. To distinguish between the loess and paleosol, in the long-term deep loess-paleosol sequence in northeast China, the morphology, dust deposition fluxes, geochemical characteristics, magnetic susceptibility, and grain size distributions were investigated. Results showed that the loess layers buried at depth could be differentiated from the paleosol by their poor pedogenic development. The presence of coarser grains in the loess as well as lesser amounts of clay and Fe–Mn coatings compared to paleosol indicated weaker weathering of the loess. Also, optical iron clay films deposited on the surface of the skeleton particles were less visible in the loesses than in the paleosols. From the loess evolution perspective, the pedogenic formation process of the newly formed loess soils should be considered as important as that of the reddish paleosol layer based on criteria of formation time, depth within profile, and morphological characteristics. The formation of the reddish or yellowish paleosol layer was constrained by pedogenic environments associated with climatic change and by the relative rates of deposition and pedogenesis. The terms “loessal paleosol” and “loessal paleosol sequence” are suggested to aid in systematically and consistently addressing the long-term pedogenic weathering evolution recorded in the complex formation of deep loess and paleosol sequences in pedology research. The long-term deep loessal sediments of Northeast China are loessal paleosols, which cannot be simply used as a reference for the overlying paleosol and be deducted from pedogenesis consideration.","PeriodicalId":54131,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135301585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Quaternary
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1