The role of between-group competition in children's within-group merit-based resource allocation

IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Social Development Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI:10.1111/sode.12728
Xue Xiao, Qian Wang, Yanfang Li
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Abstract

The present study tested how 5- to 6-year-old and 7- to 8-year-old children allocate with in-group collaborators according to merit in the context of external between-group competition. Children (N = 310) first were asked to collaborate with a high- or low-merit partner to complete an intergroup game in the form of competition (further divided into win and lose conditions) or noncompetition. Afterward, they were asked to allocate, reason about, and express their expected allocations toward the in-group collaborator. We found that 5–6-year-olds allocated meritoriously with collaborators in the first-party context. In contrast, 7–8-year-olds were affected by external between-group competition. Specifically, compared with the noncompetitive condition, 7–8-year-olds conducted equal or roughly equal allocations with the in-group collaborator and referenced Equality and Affiliation more frequently in the win and lose conditions. Furthermore, both 5–6-year-olds and 7–8-year-olds expected teachers to allocate meritoriously across the win, lose and noncompetitive conditions, indicating that they realized that social norms require them to make allocations based on merit rather than social relationships. The findings suggest that with age, children weighed the moral concerns of merit and the social concerns of in-group harmony when determining the allocation of resources.
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组间竞争在儿童组内择优资源分配中的作用
本研究测试了 5 至 6 岁和 7 至 8 岁的儿童在外部群体间竞争的背景下如何根据优劣分配与群体内合作者的关系。首先,研究人员要求儿童(310 人)与高分或低分的伙伴合作,以竞争(又分为赢和输两种情况)或非竞争的形式完成一个群体间游戏。之后,要求他们分配、推理并表达他们对组内合作者的预期分配。我们发现,在第一方情境中,5-6 岁儿童对合作者的分配是有利的。与此相反,7-8 岁儿童受到外部群体间竞争的影响。具体地说,与非竞争条件相比,7-8 岁幼儿与组内合作者进行了平等或大致平等的分配,并且在赢和输的条件下更频繁地引用平等和亲缘关系。此外,5-6 岁和 7-8 岁的幼儿都希望教师在输赢和非竞争条件下都能按功劳分配,这表明他们意识到社会规范要求他们根据功劳而不是社会关系来分配。研究结果表明,随着年龄的增长,幼儿在决定资源分配时,会权衡功绩的道德考量和组内和谐的社会考量。
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来源期刊
Social Development
Social Development PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
74
期刊介绍: Social Development is a major international journal dealing with all aspects of children"s social development as seen from a psychological stance. Coverage includes a wide range of topics such as social cognition, peer relationships, social interaction, attachment formation, emotional development and children"s theories of mind. The main emphasis is placed on development in childhood, but lifespan, cross-species and cross-cultural perspectives enhancing our understanding of human development are also featured.
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