Pharmacokinetic Profiles of a New Extended-release Buprenorphine Formulation in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis).

Dania Del I Castillo-Pratts, Clint Rosenfeld, Stephen Kirschner, Elizabeth Nunamaker, David Reim, Cassondra Bauer
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Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of a new extended-release formulation of buprenorphine (BupBaseER) at a dose that would produce pain management of the desired duration. A secondary objective was to compare the incidence of injection site reactions between the original extended-release formulation (BupHClER) and BupBaseER, which uses a different proprietary polymer-based vehicle than does the BupHClER formulation. Eighteen cynomolgus macaques (M. fascicularis) were divided into 2 groups. Each macaque in the first group (n = 6) received a single subcutaneous injection of 0.06 mg/kg BupBaseER (10 mg/mL) followed at least 2 wk later by a single subcutaneous injection of 0.12 mg/kg. Animals in group 2 (n = 12) received 2 injections of each of 3 compounds-the original polymer matrix vehicle used in BupHClER, the modified polymer matrix vehicle used in BupBaseER, and 0.9% saline-in designated areas of the dorsoscapular region. The 0.06- and 0.12-mg/kg doses both maintained therapeutic levels that were 3 times higher than the hypothesized analgesic threshold of 0.1 ng/mL. These doses maintained therapeutic level for approximately 44 and 103 h, respectively. Based on these data, buprenorphine concentration likely remains well above the therapeutic threshold beyond the 120 h span of this study. During the 30 d after administration, one macaque had a mild skin reaction to BupHClER. None of the animals in either group had skin reactions to BupBaseER at either dosage. These findings support the use of BupBaseER to provide pain management, promote animal welfare, decrease animal stress, and simplify the postoperative management of NHP in research and zoological settings.

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一种新型丁丙诺啡缓释制剂在猕猴体内的药代动力学特征。
本研究的主要目的是评估丁丙诺啡新型缓释制剂(BupBaseER)的药动学特征,其剂量应能在预期时间内达到止痛效果。次要目的是比较原始缓释制剂(BupHClER)和 BupBaseER 的注射部位反应发生率,BupBaseER 使用的专有聚合物载体与 BupHClER 制剂不同。18 只猕猴(M. fascicularis)被分为两组。第一组每只猕猴(n = 6)皮下注射一次 0.06 mg/kg BupBaseER(10 mg/mL),至少 2 周后再皮下注射一次 0.12 mg/kg。第 2 组动物(n = 12)在背胛区的指定区域接受了 3 种化合物(BupHClER 中使用的原始聚合物基质载体、BupBaseER 中使用的改良聚合物基质载体和 0.9% 生理盐水)各 2 次注射。0.06毫克/千克和0.12毫克/千克剂量维持的治疗水平均比假设的镇痛阈值0.1纳克/毫升高3倍。这些剂量的治疗水平分别维持了约 44 小时和 103 小时。根据这些数据,丁丙诺啡的浓度很可能在本研究的 120 小时跨度之后仍远高于治疗阈值。在给药后的 30 天内,一只猕猴对 BupHClER 产生了轻微的皮肤反应。两组动物均未对任何剂量的 BupBaseER 产生皮肤反应。这些研究结果支持在研究和动物园环境中使用 BupBaseER 来控制疼痛、促进动物福利、减少动物压力并简化对 NHP 的术后管理。
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