Microanatomy and ultrastructure of the nervous system of adult Renicola parvicaudatus (Digenea: Renicolidae)

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Journal of Morphology Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI:10.1002/jmor.21672
Sofia A. Denisova, Sergei V. Shchenkov, Vladimir V. Lebedenkov
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Abstract

The digenean complex life cycle includes various morphological forms with different locomotory and behavioral activities, and the functional specialization of their nervous system is of importance for the transmission of these parasites. Adult digeneans acquire many adaptive features associated with the final settlement in a vertebrate host. Our study describes the general morphology and ultrastructure of the nervous system of the adult renicolid digenean Renicola parvicaudatus parasitizing the renal tubules of herring gulls. Using immunocytochemical and electron microscopic methods, we identified the distinctive characteristics of ganglia and synapses in the studied species. A comparative analysis of the organization of the nervous system of adult individuals and their continuously-swimming stylet cercariae revealed a number of stage-related differences in the composition of ganglia, the distribution of serotonin- and FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons, the cytomorphology of neuron somata and free sensory endings. Thus, in adults, the presence of FMRFamide-positive neuron somata, accessory muscle bundles in the ganglionic cortex, and eight types of neuronal vesicles was detected, but no glia-like elements were identified. Their neurons are characterized by a larger volume of cytoplasm and also show greater ultrastructural diversity. Although the sensory papillae of adults do not vary in their external morphology as much as those of larvae, their sensory bulbs are more diverse in cytomorphology. Following our previous data on the “support” cell processes related to various tissues of the larvae and considered as glia-like structures, we also briefly present the identified features of the parenchyma, attachment organs and excretory system of adult individuals. The excretory system of adult R. parvicaudatus is characterized by the presence of unique terminal cells with several flame tufts, which are not typical either for the larvae of this species or for other digeneans studied so far. We also used molecular phylogenetic analysis to clarify species identification.

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成体雷尼柯虫神经系统的显微解剖学和超微结构( Digenea: Renicolidae)
地衣虫复杂的生命周期包括具有不同运动和行为活动的各种形态,其神经系统的功能特化对这些寄生虫的传播具有重要意义。成虫在脊椎动物宿主体内最终定居时会获得许多适应性特征。我们的研究描述了寄生在鲱鸥肾小管中的成体肾固缩双肠虫(Renicola parvicaudatus)神经系统的总体形态和超微结构。利用免疫细胞化学和电子显微镜方法,我们确定了所研究物种神经节和突触的显著特征。通过对成年个体及其连续游动的花柱鞭毛虫的神经系统组织进行比较分析,我们发现在神经节的组成、5-羟色胺和FMRFamide免疫反应神经元的分布、神经元体细胞形态和游离感觉末梢等方面存在一些与阶段相关的差异。因此,在成年人中,检测到了 FMRFamide 阳性神经元体节、神经节皮层中的附属肌束和八种类型的神经元囊泡,但没有发现类似神经胶质细胞的元素。其神经元的特点是细胞质体积更大,超微结构的多样性也更强。虽然成虫的感觉乳头在外部形态上的变化不如幼虫,但它们的感觉球在细胞形态上却更加多样。根据我们之前关于与幼虫各种组织相关的 "支持 "细胞过程的数据,并将其视为类似胶质细胞的结构,我们还简要介绍了已确定的成虫实质、附着器官和排泄系统的特征。成虫排泄系统的特点是有独特的末端细胞,这些细胞带有数个火焰束,这在该种幼虫和迄今研究的其他地肤动物中都不典型。我们还利用分子系统发育分析来澄清物种鉴定。
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来源期刊
Journal of Morphology
Journal of Morphology 医学-解剖学与形态学
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
119
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Morphology welcomes articles of original research in cytology, protozoology, embryology, and general morphology. Articles generally should not exceed 35 printed pages. Preliminary notices or articles of a purely descriptive morphological or taxonomic nature are not included. No paper which has already been published will be accepted, nor will simultaneous publications elsewhere be allowed. The Journal of Morphology publishes research in functional, comparative, evolutionary and developmental morphology from vertebrates and invertebrates. Human and veterinary anatomy or paleontology are considered when an explicit connection to neontological animal morphology is presented, and the paper contains relevant information for the community of animal morphologists. Based on our long tradition, we continue to seek publishing the best papers in animal morphology.
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