Confinement-driven state transition and bistability in schooling fish

Baptiste Lafoux, Paul Bernard, Benjamin Thiria, Ramiro Godoy-Diana
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Abstract

We investigate the impact of confinement density (i.e the number of individuals in a group per unit area of available space) on transitions from polarized to milling state, using groups of rummy-nose tetrafish (Hemigrammus rhodostomus) under controlled experimental conditions. We demonstrate for the first time a continuous state transition controlled by confinement density in a group of live animals. During this transition, the school exhibits a bistable state, wherein both polarization and milling states coexist, with the group randomly alternating between them. A simple two-state Markov process describes the observed transition remarkably well. Importantly, the confinement density influences the statistics of this bistability, shaping the distribution of transition times between states. Our findings suggest that confinement plays a crucial role in state transitions for moving animal groups, and, more generally, they constitute a solid experimental benchmark for active matter models of macroscopic, self-propelled, confined agents.
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洄游鱼类的封闭驱动状态转换和双稳态性
我们在受控实验条件下,利用瘤鼻四大家鱼(Hemigrammusrhodostomus)群体,研究了封闭密度(即单位面积可用空间内群体中的个体数量)对从极化状态到研磨状态转变的影响。我们首次证明,在一群活体动物中,状态转换是由圈养密度控制的。在这一转换过程中,鱼群呈现出双态状态,即极化态和研磨态并存,鱼群在这两种状态之间随机交替。一个简单的双态马尔可夫过程很好地描述了所观察到的转变。重要的是,约束密度会影响这种双稳态性的统计数据,从而形成状态间转换时间的分布。我们的研究结果表明,束缚在运动动物群体的状态转换中起着至关重要的作用,而且,从更广泛的意义上说,它们为宏观、自走、束缚媒介的活动物质模型提供了一个可靠的实验基准。
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