BIPHASIC CRUDE PALM OIL DECHLORINATION: EFFECT OF VOLUME RATIO AND CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM SILICATE TO HYDROXIDE ION DISTRIBUTION

IF 0.6 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY IIUM Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.31436/iiumej.v25i1.2882
Zulfa Kurnia Umani Hari, Syamsul Bahari Abdullah, S. Jamari, Che Rahmat Che Mat, M. S. Mahmud
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Abstract

Dechlorination of crude palm oil (CPO) to prevent toxic contaminant formation inspired studies of applying alkaline in its treatments. This paper reports distribution of hydroxide ion (OH-) from sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (SS) between aqueous solution and CPO under equilibrium systems to moderate its presence in CPO and minimize saponification. In this study, OH- was determined through pH measurements, which also indicated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) presence. Filtered CPO was mixed with SS solution at room temperature in various volume ratios and SS concentrations under 800-rpm agitation before being settling down to form layers of liquids. The One-Factor-in-A-Time approach was used to optimize the ratio. Acid value test and GCMS analyses were used to determine free fatty acids. Calibration curve construction revealed 0.0818 of OH- dissociation constant. SS solution could turn to acidic at 6.344 × 10-5 g/ml of concentration probably due to hydrated silica. Using 0.01 g/ml SS solution, volume ratios between CPO and SS solution spanning from 0.33 to 3 were all under alkaline conditions but decreasing OH- concentration, where 2 liquid phases only appeared in the ratio of 2.33 and 3. Concentration of SS was then varied for the 2.33 volume ratio and a sigmoid trend of OH- increase was evident. The McCabe-Thiele plot revealed hydroxide ion equilibrium below operating line suggesting its extraction impossibility to CPO. ABSTRAK: Penyahklorinan minyak sawit mentah (MSM) bertujuan mencegah pembentukan bahan cemar toksik telah mendorong penggunaan alkali dalam rawatan minyak itu. Manuskrip ini melaporkan taburan ion hidroksida (OH-) daripada sodium hidroksida dan sodium silikat (SS) antara larutan akueus dan MSM di bawah keadaan penampan untuk mengurangkan kehadirannya dalam MSM bagi mengelakkan pembentukan sabun. Dalam kajian ini, kepekatan OH- ditentukan melalui pengukuran pH, yang juga merupakan petunjuk kepada kewujudan NaOH. MSM yang ditapis dicampur dengan larutan SS pada suhu bilik dalam pelbagai nisbah isipadu dan kepekatan di bawah pengadukan 800 rpm sebelum diendapkan untuk membentuk lapisan cecair. Pendekatan Satu-Faktor-Sekali telah digunakan untuk mengoptimakan nisbah tersebut. Ujian nilai asid dan analisis GCMS digunakan untuk menentukan kandungan asid lemak bebas. Penjanaan lengkung penentu-ukuran membolehkan pemalar pelepasan OH- diperoleh iaitu 0.0818. Larutan SS boleh bertukar asid pada kepekatan 6.344 × 10-5 g/ml mungkin disebabkan silika yang terhidrasi. Dengan menggunakan larutan SS 0.01 g/ml, nisbah isipadu antara MSM dan larutan SS dari 0.33 ke 3 berkeadaan alkali dan menurun kepekatan hidroksida. 2 fasa cecair hanya wujud pada nisbah 2.33 dan 3. Kemudian kepekatan SS diubah-ubah untuk nisbah isipadi 2.33 itu dan corak sigmoid hidroksida diperoleh. Plot McCabe-Thiele mendapati keseimbangan kepekatan hidroksida berada di bawah garisan operasi menunjukkan pengekstrakan adalah mustahil berlaku terhadap OH- ke dalam MSM.
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双相粗棕榈油脱氯:硅酸钠的体积比和浓度对氢氧根离子分布的影响
对粗棕榈油(CPO)进行脱氯处理以防止有毒污染物的形成,激发了在处理过程中使用碱性物质的研究。本文报告了在平衡系统下,氢氧化钠(NaOH)和硅酸钠(SS)产生的氢氧根离子(OH-)在水溶液和 CPO 之间的分布情况,以缓和其在 CPO 中的存在并最大程度地减少皂化。在本研究中,OH- 是通过 pH 值测量确定的,这也表明存在氢氧化钠 (NaOH)。在室温下,将过滤后的 CPO 与 SS 溶液以不同的体积比和 SS 浓度混合,在 800 转/分钟的搅拌下沉淀,形成液体层。采用 "一次一因素 "法来优化比例。酸值测试和 GCMS 分析用于测定游离脂肪酸。构建的校准曲线显示 OH- 的解离常数为 0.0818。SS 溶液在浓度为 6.344 × 10-5 g/ml 时会变成酸性,这可能是由于水合二氧化硅的缘故。使用 0.01 克/毫升的 SS 溶液,CPO 和 SS 溶液的体积比从 0.33 到 3 都处于碱性条件下,但 OH- 浓度不断降低,只有在 2.33 和 3 的体积比下才会出现 2 个液相。McCabe-Thiele 图显示氢氧根离子平衡低于工作线,表明 CPO 无法萃取氢氧根离子。摘要粗棕榈油(MSM)脱氯的目的是防止有毒污染物的形成,这促使人们在处理棕榈油时使用碱。本手稿报告了在水溶液和 MSM 之间洒入氢氧根离子 (OH-) 而非氢氧化钠和硅酸钠 (SS),以减少 MSM 中氢氧根离子的存在,从而防止肥皂的形成。在本研究中,OH- 浓度是通过测量 pH 值确定的,这也是 NaOH 存在的线索。在室温下,将筛选出的 MSM 与 SS 溶液在 800 转/分钟的搅拌下以不同的等比和浓度混合,然后沉积形成液层。采用 "一次一因素 "的方法来优化比例。酸值测试和 GCMS 分析用于确定游离脂肪酸含量。尺寸确定曲线拟合允许 OH 释放尺为 0.0818。SS 溶液在浓度为 6.344 × 10-5 g/ml 时可以交换酸,这可能是由于水合二氧化硅的作用。使用 0.01 g/ml 的 SS 溶液时,MSM 和 SS 溶液之间的等压比从 0.33 升至 3,呈碱性,从而降低了氢氧化物的浓度。只有在比率为 2.33 和 3 时才会出现两种液相。然后,在 2.33 的异丙醇比率下改变 SS 浓度,就会得到氢氧化物的乙型模式。McCabe-Thiele 图发现氢氧化物浓度平衡低于工作线,这表明 OH- 不可能萃取到 MSM 中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
IIUM Engineering Journal
IIUM Engineering Journal ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
20.00%
发文量
57
审稿时长
40 weeks
期刊介绍: The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually (June and December), is a peer-reviewed open-access journal of the Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes original research findings as regular papers, review papers (by invitation). The Journal provides a platform for Engineers, Researchers, Academicians, and Practitioners who are highly motivated in contributing to the Engineering disciplines, and Applied Sciences. It also welcomes contributions that address solutions to the specific challenges of the developing world, and address science and technology issues from an Islamic and multidisciplinary perspective. Subject areas suitable for publication are as follows: -Chemical and Biotechnology Engineering -Civil and Environmental Engineering -Computer Science and Information Technology -Electrical, Computer, and Communications Engineering -Engineering Mathematics and Applied Science -Materials and Manufacturing Engineering -Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering -Mechatronics and Automation Engineering
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PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE TEMPERATURE ESTIMATION MODEL FOR THE ONE-TIME-POINT DAILY ESTIMATION METHOD BIPHASIC CRUDE PALM OIL DECHLORINATION: EFFECT OF VOLUME RATIO AND CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM SILICATE TO HYDROXIDE ION DISTRIBUTION MIXING SEQUENCE EFFECT OF CEMENT COMPOSITES WITH CARBON FIBRES EFFECTS OF SOIL ERODIBILITY ON RIVERBANK EROSION AND FAILURES KEY SUCCESS FACTORS IN ROAD MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS (A CASE STUDY OF MAYSAN PROVINCE, IRAQ)
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