CHARACTERISATION OF POMACEA CANALICULATA EGGS TREATED WITH PROTEASE

IF 0.6 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY IIUM Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.31436/iiumej.v25i1.2732
N. H. Mohd Salleh, N. Zainalabidin, Siti Noor Hajjar Md Latip
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Abstract

Pomacea canaliculata is a type of freshwater snail that has become a major pest in paddy fields, as it feeds on young paddy leaves and stems, thus, posing a serious threat to paddy production. It was named one of the world's top 100 worst invasive species, with serious consequences for the environment, human health, and the social economy. Their hatchability rate is high, which explains their global distribution worldwide. Therefore, it is vital to manage their hatchability to prevent their population from expanding further by understanding the protection that permits the eggs to survive. P. canaliculata eggs are covered with a thin layer of cuticle that is rich in protein to protect the embryo during the hatching process. The biological treatment with protease enzyme successfully hydrolysed the protein cuticle layer, lowering the percentage of hatchability. Disruption of the protein cuticle may have an impact on conductivity, water loss, hatching time, protein content, and other factors. However, documentation of the protease effect on the protein cuticle is scarce. Therefore, the goal of this study is to evaluate the protease treatment on the protein cuticle of P. canaliculata eggs physically (conductivity, water loss, and morphological analysis) and chemically (cuticle protein content, protein breakdown, and amino acid profile). Physical characterisation revealed that protease-treated eggs have higher conductivity and water loss than the control egg. Images taken with a light microscope (LM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed changes in cuticle structure, which explained the protease-induced cuticle hydrolysis. Chemical characterisation revealed a decrease in cuticle protein content, hydrolysis of protein to a small size, and changes in amino acid composition. The physical and chemical analyses strongly suggested that protease can damage the cuticle protein, thus, preventing the eggs from hatching. ABSTRAK: Pomacea canaliculata adalah sejenis siput air tawar yang telah menjadi perosak utama di sawah padi, kerana ia memakan daun dan batang padi yang muda, sekaligus menimbulkan ancaman serius kepada pengeluaran padi. Ia disenaraikan antara 100 spesis invasif utama dunia dengan kesan serius pada alam sekitar, kesihatan manusia dan sosio-ekonomi. Kadar penetasannya adalah tinggi, meningkatkan penyebaran mereka secara global di seluruh dunia. Oleh itu, adalah sangat penting untuk mengawal populasi ini daripada terus berkembang dengan memahami perlindungan yang membenarkan telur untuk hidup. Telur P.canaliculata dilapisi dengan lapisan kutikel nipis yang kaya dengan protein bagi memberi perlindungan untuk embrio semasa proses penetasan. Rawatan biologi dengan enzim protease telah berjaya menghidrolisis lapisan kutikel protein, sekaligus mengurangkan peratusan penetasan. Gangguan terhadap lapisan kutikel protein mungkin memberi kesan pada konduktiviti, kehilangan air, tempoh penetasan, kandungan protein dan faktor lain. Walau bagaimanapun, kesan protease ke atas kutikel protein adalah kurang.  Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah mengkaji rawatan protease ke atas kutikel protein telur P. canaliculata secara fizikal (konduktiviti, kehilangan air, dan analisis imej kutikel) dan secara kimia (kandungan protein kutikel, pecahan protein dan profil asid amino).  Ciri fizikal menunjukkan telur yang dirawat protease mempunyai konduksi dan kehilangan air tinggi berbanding telur kawalan. Imej yang diambil dengan mikroskop cahaya (LM) dan mikroskop pengimbas elektron (SEM) mendedahkan perubahan dalam struktur kutikel, yang menjelaskan hidrolisis kutikel yang disebabkan oleh protease. Ciri kimia menunjukkan penurunan kandungan protein kutikel, saiz kecil pada hidrolisis protein, dan perubahan pada kandungan asid amino. Analisis fizikal dan kimia mencadangkan bahawa protease merosakkan protein kutikel, oleh itu menghalang telur daripada menetas.
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用蛋白酶处理的鲳鱼卵的特征
Pomacea canaliculata 是一种淡水蜗牛,已成为水稻田的主要害虫,因为它以水稻嫩叶和嫩茎为食,因此对水稻生产构成严重威胁。它被评为世界上最严重的 100 种入侵物种之一,对环境、人类健康和社会经济造成严重后果。它们的孵化率很高,这也是它们在全球分布的原因。因此,必须对其孵化率进行管理,通过了解使卵存活的保护措施来防止其数量进一步扩大。P. canaliculata卵表面覆盖着一层薄薄的角质层,富含蛋白质,可在孵化过程中保护胚胎。蛋白酶的生物处理成功地水解了蛋白角质层,降低了孵化率。蛋白质角质层的破坏可能会对导电性、失水、孵化时间、蛋白质含量等因素产生影响。然而,有关蛋白酶对蛋白角质层影响的文献很少。因此,本研究旨在从物理(电导率、失水率和形态分析)和化学(角质层蛋白质含量、蛋白质分解和氨基酸谱)两方面评估蛋白酶处理对 P. canaliculata 卵蛋白质角质层的影响。物理特性分析表明,蛋白酶处理过的卵比对照卵具有更高的电导率和失水率。用光学显微镜(LM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)拍摄的图像显示了角质层结构的变化,这解释了蛋白酶引起的角质层水解。化学特性分析表明,角质层蛋白质含量下降,蛋白质水解成小分子,氨基酸组成也发生了变化。物理和化学分析结果强烈表明,蛋白酶会破坏角质层蛋白,从而阻碍卵的孵化。研究结果:管状裸冠菊(Pomacea canaliculata)是一种可在水稻上生长的鞘翅目昆虫,它能捕捉水稻上的泥土,并在水稻生长过程中产生严重的副作用。我已在国内发现了 100 个严重危害人类健康、社会和经济的外来入侵物种。它的穿透力很强,可在全球范围内对人类产生影响。因此,该地区的人口正在迅速增长,并将其转化为可持续发展的人口。管状鳞茎的鳞片和鳞茎上的蛋白质构成了一个完整的鳞片,使鳞茎具有一定的穿透力。含有蛋白酶的生物制剂可以提高蛋白质的溶解度,从而增强渗透力。对蛋白质的处理可从动力学、空气动力学、穿透时间、蛋白质强度和假体等方面入手。蛋白酶在蛋白质中的作用非常重要。 因此,本研究的目标是在物理(化学、空气和蛋白质分析)和生物(蛋白质、核蛋白和氨基酸分析)两个方面对管胞蛙的蛋白质蛋白酶进行研究。 通过使用蛋白酶,可在蛋白质和氨基酸之间建立起联系,并保持空气的流动性。通过光学显微镜(LM)和电子显微镜(SEM)可以观察到蛋白质结构的变化,同时还能发现蛋白酶对蛋白质的分解作用。这种方法可以提高对蛋白质结构的分析能力,提高对蛋白质脂肪的分析能力,以及对氨基酸结构的分析能力。酶和蛋白质分析表明,蛋白酶可以分解蛋白质,从而提高蛋白质的利用率。
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来源期刊
IIUM Engineering Journal
IIUM Engineering Journal ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
20.00%
发文量
57
审稿时长
40 weeks
期刊介绍: The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually (June and December), is a peer-reviewed open-access journal of the Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes original research findings as regular papers, review papers (by invitation). The Journal provides a platform for Engineers, Researchers, Academicians, and Practitioners who are highly motivated in contributing to the Engineering disciplines, and Applied Sciences. It also welcomes contributions that address solutions to the specific challenges of the developing world, and address science and technology issues from an Islamic and multidisciplinary perspective. Subject areas suitable for publication are as follows: -Chemical and Biotechnology Engineering -Civil and Environmental Engineering -Computer Science and Information Technology -Electrical, Computer, and Communications Engineering -Engineering Mathematics and Applied Science -Materials and Manufacturing Engineering -Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering -Mechatronics and Automation Engineering
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