Conceptualizing digital sanctions as a new type of economic sanctions in the digital era: Digital-related sanctions measures against Russia and their consequences

Abstract

In the era of digital transformation, the structure and application of economic sanctions have evolved, expanding from traditional trade embargoes to sophisticated digital and financial sanctions. The recent conflict in Ukraine triggered a spectrum of responses from the Western powers, targeting Russia’s digital sectors. The sanctions include restrictions on quantum computing, IT services, manufacturing, aerospace technology, and other measures that may impede the country’s digital transformation. This study aims to understand if these emerging digital-technology related measures can be perceived as a novel form of economic sanctions and to explore the potential economic implications for Russia. Two primary research questions are addressed in this paper: First, we ask whether sanctions targeting digital technology and development can be seen as an advanced form of economic sanctions, and what would be the subsequent economic losses incurred by Russia. We also explore possible Russian responds or adapt to these economic pressures. As digital transformation continues to revolutionise economies globally, this research posits that digital-technology sanctions hold substantial economic ramifications for targeted countries. By analysing the features and outcomes of the recent sanctions against Russia, the study provides insights into the evolving landscape of sanctions mechanisms and diplomacy in the digital age.