The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning Model in Developing Critical Thinking Skills on the “Youth Pledge” Topic Within the Framework of “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”

Abstract

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in developing critical thinking skills on the "Youth Pledge." The method employed in this study is a quasi-experiment with a non- equivalent control group design. The sample consists of Grade VIII A as the experimental group (n=30) and Grade VIII C as the control group (n=30). The data collection techniques include questionnaires,  observations, and documentation analysis, which were analyzed using alternative paired sample test and independent sample t-test with results of 0.000 0.05, indicating that the Problem-Based Learning model effectively cultivates critical thinking skills among students. This is supported by the results of the n-gain present test, which yielded a score of 61.81% for the experimental group and 34.31% for the control group. The effect size test yielded a value of 2.61, falling into the category of high influence.