Tooth movement in immune system: A narrative review

Abstract

Aim: Applying forces to teeth causes orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic tooth movement necessitates bone remodeling, brought on by intricate aseptic inflammatory cellular and molecular processes. According to the “pressure-tension” theory, applying pressure to a tooth varies the blood vessels’ diameter in the periodontal ligament, which then changes the blood flow. Chemical messengers cause cellular changes as a result, which results in the remodeling of the alveolar bone. Materials and Methods: This study was obtained based on literature in journals from Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The review developed a method to determine whether comparable the literature was using the exact keywords before developing findings and then summarizing them into a continuous sequence. The case reports investigated patients who met the inclusion criteria for dental implants and osseointegration. There were 21 journals from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The present review is from research, review, and case report study with eligibility criteria. The review results discovered that according to the “pressure-tension” idea, applying pressure to a tooth modifies the blood flow by altering the periodontal ligament’s blood vessel diameter. Results: Alveolar bone remodeling results from cellular changes brought on by chemical messengers. Inflammation is the host tissue’s defensive reaction to pathogens, injury, or external objects. Vascular dilation, improved capillary permeability, increased blood flow, and leukocyte recruitment are all signs of inflammation. The first cells to arrive at the inflamed region are polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Eicosanoids, a group of hormones that includes prostaglandins, are chemical messengers. Conclusion: Several articles have suggested specific compounds as orthodontic tooth movement biomarkers. The creation of biomarkers to comprehend the ongoing biological processes related to orthodontic tooth movement is developing.