Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of root bio modification only with coronally advanced flap (CAF; control group) versus placement of either platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or amniotic membrane (AM) after root biomodification (test groups) using the CAF technique in class I or class II gingival recession defects. Hence, this study evaluated the role of root biomodification alone and as an adjunct with PRF or AM membrane in class I and class II gingival recessions. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, parallel-arm, clinical trial conducted on 24 patients. Subjects were equally divided into three groups. Patients in group 3 (control group) were treated with CAF alone and hyaluronic acid (HA) root conditioning and those in group 2 underwent CAF with AM and HA root conditioning whereas those in group 1 underwent CAF with PRF and HA root conditioning for class I or class II gingival recessions. The clinical variables were assessed pre and 3 months and 6 months postsurgery. The visual analog scale (VAS) was assessed on the 10th and 30th day, postsurgery. Intragroup analysis was done by repeated one-way analysis of variance test followed by Bonferoni’s multiple comparisons test. Intergroup comparison used repeated two-way analysis of variance test for continuous data. All P value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A comparison within the groups yielded insignificant results in group 3 (control group), whereas in group 1 (PRF + HA root conditioning) the probing depth (PD) and percentage root coverage (PRC) values did not improve significantly and in group 2 (AM + HA root conditioning) the PRC values did not show significant improvement. Between the groups, however, it was observed that the test groups 1 and 2 performed better than the control group related to all the clinical parameters and the VAS scores reflected superior results in group 2. Conclusion: CAF was effective as a treatment modality. The test group yielded a better percentage of root coverage than the control group, though statistically insignificant.
目的：本研究旨在比较仅使用冠状先进皮瓣（CAF；对照组）进行牙根生物修饰与使用 CAF 技术进行牙根生物修饰后放置富血小板纤维蛋白（PRF）或羊膜（AM）（试验组）对 I 类或 II 类牙龈退缩缺损的效果。因此，本研究评估了单独进行牙根生物改良以及作为 PRF 或 AM 膜的辅助手段在 I 类和 II 类牙龈退缩中的作用。材料和方法：这是一项对 24 名患者进行的随机、平行臂临床试验。受试者平均分为三组。第 3 组（对照组）患者仅接受 CAF 和透明质酸（HA）牙根修复治疗，第 2 组患者接受 CAF 和 AM 及 HA 牙根修复治疗，而第 1 组患者则接受 CAF 和 PRF 及 HA 牙根修复治疗，以治疗 I 级或 II 级牙龈退缩。临床变量在手术前、手术后 3 个月和 6 个月进行评估。术后第 10 天和第 30 天对视觉模拟量表（VAS）进行评估。组内分析采用重复单因素方差分析，然后进行邦费罗尼多重比较试验。连续数据的组间比较采用重复双向方差分析检验。所有小于 0.05 的 P 值均被视为具有统计学意义。结果组内比较结果显示，第 3 组（对照组）的结果不显著，而第 1 组（PRF + HA 根调节）的探查深度（PD）和根覆盖率（PRC）值没有明显改善，第 2 组（AM + HA 根调节）的根覆盖率（PRC）值也没有明显改善。不过，在各组之间，可以观察到试验组 1 和 2 在所有临床参数方面的表现均优于对照组，VAS 评分也反映出试验组 2 的效果更好。结论CAF 作为一种治疗方式是有效的。试验组的牙根覆盖率高于对照组，但在统计学上并不显著。
{"title":"Evaluation of root biomodification as an adjunct to platelet-rich fibrin versus amniotic membrane and coronally advanced flap in class I and class II gingival recession defects: A randomized controlled study","authors":"Rodda Kumar, R. Koduganti","doi":"10.4103/jioh.jioh_70_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_70_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of root bio modification only with coronally advanced flap (CAF; control group) versus placement of either platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or amniotic membrane (AM) after root biomodification (test groups) using the CAF technique in class I or class II gingival recession defects. Hence, this study evaluated the role of root biomodification alone and as an adjunct with PRF or AM membrane in class I and class II gingival recessions. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, parallel-arm, clinical trial conducted on 24 patients. Subjects were equally divided into three groups. Patients in group 3 (control group) were treated with CAF alone and hyaluronic acid (HA) root conditioning and those in group 2 underwent CAF with AM and HA root conditioning whereas those in group 1 underwent CAF with PRF and HA root conditioning for class I or class II gingival recessions. The clinical variables were assessed pre and 3 months and 6 months postsurgery. The visual analog scale (VAS) was assessed on the 10th and 30th day, postsurgery. Intragroup analysis was done by repeated one-way analysis of variance test followed by Bonferoni’s multiple comparisons test. Intergroup comparison used repeated two-way analysis of variance test for continuous data. All P value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A comparison within the groups yielded insignificant results in group 3 (control group), whereas in group 1 (PRF + HA root conditioning) the probing depth (PD) and percentage root coverage (PRC) values did not improve significantly and in group 2 (AM + HA root conditioning) the PRC values did not show significant improvement. Between the groups, however, it was observed that the test groups 1 and 2 performed better than the control group related to all the clinical parameters and the VAS scores reflected superior results in group 2. Conclusion: CAF was effective as a treatment modality. The test group yielded a better percentage of root coverage than the control group, though statistically insignificant.","PeriodicalId":16138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shete, Arti Hajarnavis, Mrinal V. Shete, Ashwini Nerkar-Rajbhoj, Abhijeet Sande, Pallavi P. Channe
Aim: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, the main goal of our study is to analyze the safety of e-cigarettes and their relationship to quitting smoking. Materials and Methods: From January 2011 to December 2022, a thorough search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was carried out. Using PRISMA criteria, we evaluated 25 review papers, three randomized controlled trials, and three cross-sectional studies in this review, which analyzed 12,210 study participants. Although language did not restrict search results, all discovered studies were in English. The threat of bias and level of evidence were determined for each selected study. Results: Our systematic review showed a bigger rate of smoking cessation, i.e., 20%, with the use of E-cigarettes, suggestive of their contribution to smoking cessation. We found a correlation between cessation of smoking and E-cigarettes with nicotine, which suggests that they may prove as an effective alternative smoking cessation aid. The count of cigarettes used per day is lessened, so they may be used to reduce the harm caused by tobacco. Conclusion: Although not formally monitored, E-cigarettes can help smokers unable or unwilling to quit to remain abstinent or reduce their cigarette consumption. The toxic substances and chemicals within E-cigarettes are not clearly labeled, and hence, their safety is not guaranteed.
{"title":"Safety of E-cigarettes and its effectiveness in smoking cessation: A systematic review","authors":"A. Shete, Arti Hajarnavis, Mrinal V. Shete, Ashwini Nerkar-Rajbhoj, Abhijeet Sande, Pallavi P. Channe","doi":"10.4103/jioh.jioh_39_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_39_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, the main goal of our study is to analyze the safety of e-cigarettes and their relationship to quitting smoking. Materials and Methods: From January 2011 to December 2022, a thorough search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was carried out. Using PRISMA criteria, we evaluated 25 review papers, three randomized controlled trials, and three cross-sectional studies in this review, which analyzed 12,210 study participants. Although language did not restrict search results, all discovered studies were in English. The threat of bias and level of evidence were determined for each selected study. Results: Our systematic review showed a bigger rate of smoking cessation, i.e., 20%, with the use of E-cigarettes, suggestive of their contribution to smoking cessation. We found a correlation between cessation of smoking and E-cigarettes with nicotine, which suggests that they may prove as an effective alternative smoking cessation aid. The count of cigarettes used per day is lessened, so they may be used to reduce the harm caused by tobacco. Conclusion: Although not formally monitored, E-cigarettes can help smokers unable or unwilling to quit to remain abstinent or reduce their cigarette consumption. The toxic substances and chemicals within E-cigarettes are not clearly labeled, and hence, their safety is not guaranteed.","PeriodicalId":16138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139343626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sichen Liu, A. Thearmontree, V. Chongsuvivatwong, Shinan Zhang, Limei Zhang
Aim: This review sought to examine the prevalence of dental caries in left-behind children (LBC) and explore the association between parental migration and dental caries among children in China. Materials and Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, and Wanfang were searched about the LBC and dental caries in China from 2000 to May 2021. The primary outcome was the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent dentition among LBC. The number of children with dental caries among LBC and non-LBC (NLBC) was pooled, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the relationship between parental migration and children’s dental caries were determined. Result: These included a total sample of 8275 children aged 3–12 years from a total of 11 studies, of which 4547 were LBC and 3728 were NLBC. The pooled prevalence of dental caries among Chinese LBC aged 3–12 years was 64%. Parental migration was significantly associated with the prevalence of dental caries. LBC has a 1.61 times higher risk of having dental caries than NLBC (95% CI: 1.47–1.77). LBC living in the countryside has a higher prevalence (68%) and higher risk of developing dental caries (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.48–1.82) than those living in the city. The prevalence of dental caries is notably elevated among LBC in China. Conclusion: Parental migration stands out as a significant risk factor for dental caries in children aged 3–12 years, particularly in rural or countryside regions. The results call attention to the oral health problems among the LBC.
{"title":"Association between parental migration and dental caries of 3-12-year-old children in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Sichen Liu, A. Thearmontree, V. Chongsuvivatwong, Shinan Zhang, Limei Zhang","doi":"10.4103/jioh.jioh_89_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_89_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This review sought to examine the prevalence of dental caries in left-behind children (LBC) and explore the association between parental migration and dental caries among children in China. Materials and Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, and Wanfang were searched about the LBC and dental caries in China from 2000 to May 2021. The primary outcome was the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent dentition among LBC. The number of children with dental caries among LBC and non-LBC (NLBC) was pooled, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the relationship between parental migration and children’s dental caries were determined. Result: These included a total sample of 8275 children aged 3–12 years from a total of 11 studies, of which 4547 were LBC and 3728 were NLBC. The pooled prevalence of dental caries among Chinese LBC aged 3–12 years was 64%. Parental migration was significantly associated with the prevalence of dental caries. LBC has a 1.61 times higher risk of having dental caries than NLBC (95% CI: 1.47–1.77). LBC living in the countryside has a higher prevalence (68%) and higher risk of developing dental caries (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.48–1.82) than those living in the city. The prevalence of dental caries is notably elevated among LBC in China. Conclusion: Parental migration stands out as a significant risk factor for dental caries in children aged 3–12 years, particularly in rural or countryside regions. The results call attention to the oral health problems among the LBC.","PeriodicalId":16138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Oral health literacy (OHL) significantly influences oral health behavior (OHB) and plays a crucial role in effective oral health promotion and achieving improved outcomes. This research aims to develop a measurement tool for evaluating OHL, named “OHL-Ortho,” and OHB in orthodontic patients. Furthermore, the study explores the extended causal relationship model from OHL to OHB. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted between February and June 2023 among Thai working-age adults undergoing fixed orthodontic appliances. Participants were randomly selected and stratified from diverse healthcare facilities. OHL and OHB questionnaires were developed and subjected to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were utilized to analyze data and evaluate the causal relationship between OHL and OHB. Results: The sample consisted of 321 participants, with an average age of 28.44 ± 7.56 years. Regarding construct validity, the 31-item OHL Scale achieved an overall Cronbach α of 0.97, with factor loadings ranging from 0.52 to 0.85. Similarly, the 14-item OHB Scale achieved an overall Cronbach α of 0.89, displaying factor loadings ranging from 0.42 to 0.64. Additionally, the causal relationship model of OHB aligned with empirical data, indicating that OHL exhibited a highly significant positive direct effect on OHB at a level of 0.01 (effect size = 0.81), explaining 66.00% of the variance in OHB. Conclusion: The developed scales serve as high-quality assessment tools for healthcare providers. The study underscores the significant impact of OHL on OHB among orthodontic patients.
{"title":"Development and validation of “OHL-Ortho” measurement tool and causal model of oral health behavior among adult orthodontic patients","authors":"Neeranart Thirasupa, Ungsinun Intarakamhang, Kasekarn Kasevayuth","doi":"10.4103/jioh.jioh_195_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_195_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Oral health literacy (OHL) significantly influences oral health behavior (OHB) and plays a crucial role in effective oral health promotion and achieving improved outcomes. This research aims to develop a measurement tool for evaluating OHL, named “OHL-Ortho,” and OHB in orthodontic patients. Furthermore, the study explores the extended causal relationship model from OHL to OHB. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted between February and June 2023 among Thai working-age adults undergoing fixed orthodontic appliances. Participants were randomly selected and stratified from diverse healthcare facilities. OHL and OHB questionnaires were developed and subjected to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were utilized to analyze data and evaluate the causal relationship between OHL and OHB. Results: The sample consisted of 321 participants, with an average age of 28.44 ± 7.56 years. Regarding construct validity, the 31-item OHL Scale achieved an overall Cronbach α of 0.97, with factor loadings ranging from 0.52 to 0.85. Similarly, the 14-item OHB Scale achieved an overall Cronbach α of 0.89, displaying factor loadings ranging from 0.42 to 0.64. Additionally, the causal relationship model of OHB aligned with empirical data, indicating that OHL exhibited a highly significant positive direct effect on OHB at a level of 0.01 (effect size = 0.81), explaining 66.00% of the variance in OHB. Conclusion: The developed scales serve as high-quality assessment tools for healthcare providers. The study underscores the significant impact of OHL on OHB among orthodontic patients.","PeriodicalId":16138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_244_22
S. Ramadayanti, Aya Caesar, Reniyanti Amalia, Diyan Warizgo, I Gusti Ardani
Aim: Applying forces to teeth causes orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic tooth movement necessitates bone remodeling, brought on by intricate aseptic inflammatory cellular and molecular processes. According to the “pressure-tension” theory, applying pressure to a tooth varies the blood vessels’ diameter in the periodontal ligament, which then changes the blood flow. Chemical messengers cause cellular changes as a result, which results in the remodeling of the alveolar bone. Materials and Methods: This study was obtained based on literature in journals from Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The review developed a method to determine whether comparable the literature was using the exact keywords before developing findings and then summarizing them into a continuous sequence. The case reports investigated patients who met the inclusion criteria for dental implants and osseointegration. There were 21 journals from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The present review is from research, review, and case report study with eligibility criteria. The review results discovered that according to the “pressure-tension” idea, applying pressure to a tooth modifies the blood flow by altering the periodontal ligament’s blood vessel diameter. Results: Alveolar bone remodeling results from cellular changes brought on by chemical messengers. Inflammation is the host tissue’s defensive reaction to pathogens, injury, or external objects. Vascular dilation, improved capillary permeability, increased blood flow, and leukocyte recruitment are all signs of inflammation. The first cells to arrive at the inflamed region are polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Eicosanoids, a group of hormones that includes prostaglandins, are chemical messengers. Conclusion: Several articles have suggested specific compounds as orthodontic tooth movement biomarkers. The creation of biomarkers to comprehend the ongoing biological processes related to orthodontic tooth movement is developing.
目的：对牙齿施加外力会导致牙齿畸形移动。牙齿畸形移动需要骨质重塑，而骨质重塑是由复杂的无菌性炎症细胞和分子过程引起的。根据 "压力-张力 "理论，对牙齿施加压力会改变牙周韧带中血管的直径，进而改变血流。化学信使因此引起细胞变化，从而导致牙槽骨的重塑。材料和方法：本研究是根据 Pubmed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库中的期刊文献获得的。该综述制定了一种方法来确定文献是否具有可比性，即在得出结论前使用确切的关键词，然后将其总结为连续的序列。病例报告调查了符合牙科植入物和骨整合纳入标准的患者。共有 21 种期刊来自 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库。本综述来自符合资格标准的研究、综述和病例报告研究。综述结果发现，根据 "压力-张力 "理论，对牙齿施加压力会通过改变牙周韧带的血管直径来改变血流量。结果是牙槽骨重塑源于化学信使带来的细胞变化。炎症是宿主组织对病原体、损伤或外部物体的防御反应。血管扩张、毛细血管通透性改善、血流量增加和白细胞募集都是炎症的表现。首先到达炎症区域的细胞是多形核中性粒细胞。类二十酸是包括前列腺素在内的一类激素，是一种化学信使。结论有几篇文章建议将特定的化合物作为正畸牙齿移动的生物标志物。创建生物标志物以了解与正畸牙齿移动相关的持续生物过程的工作正在发展中。
{"title":"Tooth movement in immune system: A narrative review","authors":"S. Ramadayanti, Aya Caesar, Reniyanti Amalia, Diyan Warizgo, I Gusti Ardani","doi":"10.4103/jioh.jioh_244_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_244_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Applying forces to teeth causes orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic tooth movement necessitates bone remodeling, brought on by intricate aseptic inflammatory cellular and molecular processes. According to the “pressure-tension” theory, applying pressure to a tooth varies the blood vessels’ diameter in the periodontal ligament, which then changes the blood flow. Chemical messengers cause cellular changes as a result, which results in the remodeling of the alveolar bone. Materials and Methods: This study was obtained based on literature in journals from Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The review developed a method to determine whether comparable the literature was using the exact keywords before developing findings and then summarizing them into a continuous sequence. The case reports investigated patients who met the inclusion criteria for dental implants and osseointegration. There were 21 journals from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The present review is from research, review, and case report study with eligibility criteria. The review results discovered that according to the “pressure-tension” idea, applying pressure to a tooth modifies the blood flow by altering the periodontal ligament’s blood vessel diameter. Results: Alveolar bone remodeling results from cellular changes brought on by chemical messengers. Inflammation is the host tissue’s defensive reaction to pathogens, injury, or external objects. Vascular dilation, improved capillary permeability, increased blood flow, and leukocyte recruitment are all signs of inflammation. The first cells to arrive at the inflamed region are polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Eicosanoids, a group of hormones that includes prostaglandins, are chemical messengers. Conclusion: Several articles have suggested specific compounds as orthodontic tooth movement biomarkers. The creation of biomarkers to comprehend the ongoing biological processes related to orthodontic tooth movement is developing.","PeriodicalId":16138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Dental caries pose a significant concern among pediatric populations and can substantially impact a child’s overall health. The application of topical fluoride in different forms has been an accurate strategy for combating decay on a global scale. The work done here aims to compare the outcomes of using topical fluoride therapy and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on deciduous tooth enamel. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 nondecayed anterior deciduous teeth were collected from patients undergoing tooth extraction due to exfoliation or retained deciduous teeth. Following crown removal using diamond disks, the enamel samples were affixed to acrylic blocks, exposing the buccal (outer) surface. Baseline surface microhardness measurements were acquired for all enamel samples. The specimens were then randomly assigned to three groups, each comprising twenty samples: the control group (C) treated with distilled and deionized water, the fluoridated varnish group (V) treated with fluoride varnish, and the SDF group treated with SDF solution. Subsequent to exposure to pH-cycling solutions, microhardness measurements were taken again to evaluate changes in enamel hardness. Results: The group treated with fluoride varnish exhibited the highest mean enamel microhardness, measuring 251.80 ± 56.10. The SDF group displayed a mean enamel microhardness of 226.75 ± 60.25, while the control group (treated with distilled and deionized water) showcased the lowest mean enamel microhardness of 207.75 ± 35.19. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study determined that the fluoride varnish group demonstrated a more effective resistance to enamel demineralization compared to the SDF group. These findings suggest that topical fluoride therapy in the form of varnish is more successful in preventing dental caries in deciduous tooth enamel when compared to treatment with SDF.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of demineralizing resistance over deciduous teeth enamel using silver diamine fluoride and fluoride varnish","authors":"Arpita Dutta, Sonu Acharya, Susant Mohanty, Ankita Chandak, Dipmalla Sahoo, Sheetal Acharya","doi":"10.4103/jioh.jioh_123_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_123_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Dental caries pose a significant concern among pediatric populations and can substantially impact a child’s overall health. The application of topical fluoride in different forms has been an accurate strategy for combating decay on a global scale. The work done here aims to compare the outcomes of using topical fluoride therapy and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on deciduous tooth enamel. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 nondecayed anterior deciduous teeth were collected from patients undergoing tooth extraction due to exfoliation or retained deciduous teeth. Following crown removal using diamond disks, the enamel samples were affixed to acrylic blocks, exposing the buccal (outer) surface. Baseline surface microhardness measurements were acquired for all enamel samples. The specimens were then randomly assigned to three groups, each comprising twenty samples: the control group (C) treated with distilled and deionized water, the fluoridated varnish group (V) treated with fluoride varnish, and the SDF group treated with SDF solution. Subsequent to exposure to pH-cycling solutions, microhardness measurements were taken again to evaluate changes in enamel hardness. Results: The group treated with fluoride varnish exhibited the highest mean enamel microhardness, measuring 251.80 ± 56.10. The SDF group displayed a mean enamel microhardness of 226.75 ± 60.25, while the control group (treated with distilled and deionized water) showcased the lowest mean enamel microhardness of 207.75 ± 35.19. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study determined that the fluoride varnish group demonstrated a more effective resistance to enamel demineralization compared to the SDF group. These findings suggest that topical fluoride therapy in the form of varnish is more successful in preventing dental caries in deciduous tooth enamel when compared to treatment with SDF.","PeriodicalId":16138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernanda Demore, Mauricio Cecília, Alessandra Souza, E. Zuza
Aim: Palatogingival groove (PGG) is a morphological defect that usually affects maxillary incisors and may be related to periodontal and endodontic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, and clinical implications of the PGG in a Brazilian population. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample with 169 consecutive participants was evaluated in a cross-sectional study from September 2021 to May 2022. Upper anterior teeth were evaluated by a single examiner considering the presence of PGG, its characteristics and the presence of caries, periodontal and endodontic disease. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied and P value was set at 5%. Results: PGG prevalence was 21.67% in individuals and 5.9% in teeth. A logistic regression did not reveal significant differences between sex [female: odds radio (OR) 1 and male: OR 0.53] and race (white: OR 1; black: OR 0.81; brown: OR 0.70). The highest prevalence was found in the upper lateral incisors (68.6%), in the cingulum (80.39%), with greater occurrence in the mid-palatal face of the tooth (39.21%). A high prevalence of bleeding on probing (83.8%) and caries (37.8%) was found in teeth with PGG, but no pulp alterations were found. Conclusions: PGG prevalence is high when the number of individuals is considered, and the tooth more frequently affected by PGG is the upper lateral incisor, with greater occurrence in the mid-palatal and cingulum face. In addition to incisors, canines also can be affected by PGG. Teeth with PGG may present high rates of biofilm accumulation, periodontal inflammation, and caries.
{"title":"Palatogingival groove: Prevalence, characteristics and implications in a cross-sectional study in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil","authors":"Fernanda Demore, Mauricio Cecília, Alessandra Souza, E. Zuza","doi":"10.4103/jioh.jioh_61_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_61_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Palatogingival groove (PGG) is a morphological defect that usually affects maxillary incisors and may be related to periodontal and endodontic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, and clinical implications of the PGG in a Brazilian population. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample with 169 consecutive participants was evaluated in a cross-sectional study from September 2021 to May 2022. Upper anterior teeth were evaluated by a single examiner considering the presence of PGG, its characteristics and the presence of caries, periodontal and endodontic disease. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied and P value was set at 5%. Results: PGG prevalence was 21.67% in individuals and 5.9% in teeth. A logistic regression did not reveal significant differences between sex [female: odds radio (OR) 1 and male: OR 0.53] and race (white: OR 1; black: OR 0.81; brown: OR 0.70). The highest prevalence was found in the upper lateral incisors (68.6%), in the cingulum (80.39%), with greater occurrence in the mid-palatal face of the tooth (39.21%). A high prevalence of bleeding on probing (83.8%) and caries (37.8%) was found in teeth with PGG, but no pulp alterations were found. Conclusions: PGG prevalence is high when the number of individuals is considered, and the tooth more frequently affected by PGG is the upper lateral incisor, with greater occurrence in the mid-palatal and cingulum face. In addition to incisors, canines also can be affected by PGG. Teeth with PGG may present high rates of biofilm accumulation, periodontal inflammation, and caries.","PeriodicalId":16138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_169_23
Aishwarya Menon, Sowmya Kumar, C. Hegde
Aim: The number of patients seeking veneers for minor changes in the color, shape, and size of their anterior teeth has increased. On the basis of this requirement, with the advances in physical and optical properties, composite resins have become viable materials to be used for veneers. There is a paucity of studies that highlight the use of composite resins for anterior esthetic rehabilitations. Hence, this study aimed to compare the fracture strengths of direct and indirect composite veneers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 56 maxillary central incisor samples, divided into two groups: direct composite (n = 28) and indirect composite (n = 28) veneers. Tooth preparations were done, and composite veneers were made via the two techniques. Thermocycling was carried out to age the restorations for half the samples from both groups. The fracture test was performed in a universal testing machine where the load was applied from the incisal direction at the veneer–tooth interface. Results: Direct composite veneers showed a mean fracture strength of 485 ± 147 N before and 438 ± 199 N after thermocycling. Indirect composite veneers showed a mean fracture strength of 409 ± 179 N before and 254 ± 135 N after thermocycling. The most common mode of failure for direct composite veneers was veneer chipping and fracture, whereas debonding was most frequently noted for indirect composite veneers. Statistical analysis used: Unpaired t test was used to study the fracture strengths among the two groups before and after thermocycling. The comparison of frequencies of a mode of failure was investigated using the chi-square test. Conclusions: The direct composite resin veneers showed superior fracture strength, both before and after thermocycling.
{"title":"Fracture strength of direct and indirect composite veneers after aging: An in vitro study","authors":"Aishwarya Menon, Sowmya Kumar, C. Hegde","doi":"10.4103/jioh.jioh_169_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_169_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The number of patients seeking veneers for minor changes in the color, shape, and size of their anterior teeth has increased. On the basis of this requirement, with the advances in physical and optical properties, composite resins have become viable materials to be used for veneers. There is a paucity of studies that highlight the use of composite resins for anterior esthetic rehabilitations. Hence, this study aimed to compare the fracture strengths of direct and indirect composite veneers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 56 maxillary central incisor samples, divided into two groups: direct composite (n = 28) and indirect composite (n = 28) veneers. Tooth preparations were done, and composite veneers were made via the two techniques. Thermocycling was carried out to age the restorations for half the samples from both groups. The fracture test was performed in a universal testing machine where the load was applied from the incisal direction at the veneer–tooth interface. Results: Direct composite veneers showed a mean fracture strength of 485 ± 147 N before and 438 ± 199 N after thermocycling. Indirect composite veneers showed a mean fracture strength of 409 ± 179 N before and 254 ± 135 N after thermocycling. The most common mode of failure for direct composite veneers was veneer chipping and fracture, whereas debonding was most frequently noted for indirect composite veneers. Statistical analysis used: Unpaired t test was used to study the fracture strengths among the two groups before and after thermocycling. The comparison of frequencies of a mode of failure was investigated using the chi-square test. Conclusions: The direct composite resin veneers showed superior fracture strength, both before and after thermocycling.","PeriodicalId":16138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_135_23
Anushree Ningombam, Nipun Dhalla, P. Palwankar, Anjana Goyal, Ruchi Pandey
Aim: To estimate C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (CTx) levels in GCF, using ELISA in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 42 patients were recruited: 21 type II diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (group A) and 21 nondiabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (group B). Scaling and root planing (SRP) were done in groups, followed by collection of GCF samples and recording of clinical variables. Measurements for clinical indicators of periodontal health were taken on 0 day (baseline), first and after third month. The Ctx level of GCF was taken at baseline and after 3 months using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). GPower software (version 3.0) was used. Paired t tests and Student’s t tests as well as parametric tests were used to analyze the results. The threshold for significance was fixed at P < 0.05. Result: Following SRP, there was a significant reduction in Ctx levelsand an improvement in clinical parameters in both groups. There is a negative correlation uniting CTx quantity with an improvement in periodontal conditions in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Conclusion: CTx levels in both diabetic and nondiabetic candidates with chronic periodontitis infection were reduced after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
目的：使用酶联免疫吸附法评估糖尿病和非糖尿病慢性牙周炎患者 GCF 中 C 端交联端肽 (CTx) 的水平。材料和方法：共招募了 42 名患者：21 名患有慢性牙周炎的 II 型糖尿病患者（A 组）和 21 名患有慢性牙周炎的非糖尿病患者（B 组）。分组进行洗牙和根面平整（SRP），然后收集 GCF 样本并记录临床变量。牙周健康临床指标的测量分别在 0 天（基线）、第一个月和第三个月后进行。在基线和 3 个月后，使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测 GCF 的 Ctx 水平。使用 GPower 软件（3.0 版）。使用配对 t 检验和学生 t 检验以及参数检验来分析结果。显著性阈值定为 P <0.05。结果SRP治疗后，两组患者的Ctx水平均明显下降，临床指标也有所改善。糖尿病和非糖尿病患者的 CTx 数量与牙周状况的改善呈负相关。结论非手术牙周治疗后，患有慢性牙周炎感染的糖尿病和非糖尿病患者的 CTx 水平都有所降低。
{"title":"Comparative estimation of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen levels in gingival crevicular fluid in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic periodontitis: A prospective clinical study","authors":"Anushree Ningombam, Nipun Dhalla, P. Palwankar, Anjana Goyal, Ruchi Pandey","doi":"10.4103/jioh.jioh_135_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_135_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To estimate C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (CTx) levels in GCF, using ELISA in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 42 patients were recruited: 21 type II diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (group A) and 21 nondiabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (group B). Scaling and root planing (SRP) were done in groups, followed by collection of GCF samples and recording of clinical variables. Measurements for clinical indicators of periodontal health were taken on 0 day (baseline), first and after third month. The Ctx level of GCF was taken at baseline and after 3 months using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). GPower software (version 3.0) was used. Paired t tests and Student’s t tests as well as parametric tests were used to analyze the results. The threshold for significance was fixed at P < 0.05. Result: Following SRP, there was a significant reduction in Ctx levelsand an improvement in clinical parameters in both groups. There is a negative correlation uniting CTx quantity with an improvement in periodontal conditions in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Conclusion: CTx levels in both diabetic and nondiabetic candidates with chronic periodontitis infection were reduced after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.","PeriodicalId":16138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_112_23
Hassan Negm
Aim: Understanding how specific genetic variations related to dental caries in understudied populations can pave the way for more personalized approaches to oral health care. The study is designed to explore the correlation between three genetic polymorphisms in Egyptian adults. Materials and Methods: We included 132 young adults aged 15–22 years, with an equal distribution of males and females, randomly selected from secondary Cairene school. The participants were in good health, without hereditary diseases, and had no recent dental treatment. Dental exams were conducted using standardized criteria, with reliability ensured between examiners. DNA collection was performed using buccal swabs, and DNA purification was carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples were stored at −21°C for future analysis. We selected specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for ENAM rs3796703, DEFB1 rs11362, and AMELX rs946252 for genotyping. χ2 test and its corresponding statistical significance were calculated. Results: Specific genetic variations, particularly ENAM rs3796703, AMELX rs946252, DEFB1 rs11362, and KLK4 rs2242670, were found to be significantly linked to an elevated caries risk in the group predisposed to caries. These particular genetic variations were notably more prevalent among individuals at a higher risk of developing dental caries. Conclusion: The DEFB1 rs11362 AG genotype showed significance, notably associated with a high DMFT index, particularly in individuals with severe and proximal caries. In contrast, the ENAM rs3796703 polymorphism revealed similar frequencies of allele C and allele T in both caries-susceptible and caries-resistant groups, with genotype CT being significantly associated with reduced dental caries susceptibility. KLK4 rs2242670 did not reveal significant associations with dental caries susceptibility, indicating that this gene polymorphism.
目的：了解研究不足人群中与龋齿有关的特定基因变异，可为更个性化的口腔保健方法铺平道路。本研究旨在探讨埃及成年人三种基因多态性之间的相关性。材料和方法：我们从凯里市中学随机挑选了 132 名 15-22 岁的年轻人，男女比例相当。参与者身体健康，无遗传性疾病，近期未接受过牙科治疗。牙科检查采用标准化标准，确保检查者之间的可靠性。DNA 采集使用口腔拭子，并按照生产商的说明进行 DNA 纯化。样本保存在零下 21 摄氏度，以备将来分析之用。我们选择了ENAM rs3796703、DEFB1 rs11362和AMELX rs946252的特定单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）进行基因分型。结果发现特定的基因变异，尤其是ENAM rs3796703、AMELX rs946252、DEFB1 rs11362和KLK4 rs2242670，与易患龋群体的龋齿风险升高有显著关联。在龋齿发病风险较高的人群中，这些特定基因变异的发生率明显更高。结论DEFB1 rs11362 AG 基因型与高 DMFT 指数有显著相关性，尤其是在严重龋齿和近端龋齿患者中。相比之下，ENAM rs3796703 多态性在易龋组和抗龋组中的等位基因 C 和等位基因 T 的频率相似，其中基因型 CT 与龋齿易感性降低显著相关。KLK4 rs2242670 与龋齿易感性无显著相关性，表明该基因多态性与龋齿易感性无显著相关性。
{"title":"Do Polymorphisms predispose dental caries susceptibility in Egyptian adults? A cross-sectional study","authors":"Hassan Negm","doi":"10.4103/jioh.jioh_112_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_112_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Understanding how specific genetic variations related to dental caries in understudied populations can pave the way for more personalized approaches to oral health care. The study is designed to explore the correlation between three genetic polymorphisms in Egyptian adults. Materials and Methods: We included 132 young adults aged 15–22 years, with an equal distribution of males and females, randomly selected from secondary Cairene school. The participants were in good health, without hereditary diseases, and had no recent dental treatment. Dental exams were conducted using standardized criteria, with reliability ensured between examiners. DNA collection was performed using buccal swabs, and DNA purification was carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples were stored at −21°C for future analysis. We selected specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for ENAM rs3796703, DEFB1 rs11362, and AMELX rs946252 for genotyping. χ2 test and its corresponding statistical significance were calculated. Results: Specific genetic variations, particularly ENAM rs3796703, AMELX rs946252, DEFB1 rs11362, and KLK4 rs2242670, were found to be significantly linked to an elevated caries risk in the group predisposed to caries. These particular genetic variations were notably more prevalent among individuals at a higher risk of developing dental caries. Conclusion: The DEFB1 rs11362 AG genotype showed significance, notably associated with a high DMFT index, particularly in individuals with severe and proximal caries. In contrast, the ENAM rs3796703 polymorphism revealed similar frequencies of allele C and allele T in both caries-susceptible and caries-resistant groups, with genotype CT being significantly associated with reduced dental caries susceptibility. KLK4 rs2242670 did not reveal significant associations with dental caries susceptibility, indicating that this gene polymorphism.","PeriodicalId":16138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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