Is social support beneficial after a breakup? A moderation model of social support, depression, emotional volatility and gender for college students during COVID-19

Qianyi Wang, Kenneth G. Rice, Fernán G. Arana, Hannah Wetstone, Benson Bunker
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Abstract

The current study focused on those who had recently experienced a relationship breakup, which add extra stressors to college students who have already suffered from negative influences of COVID-19. Social support could act as a coping resource to alleviate the negative consequences of breakup and COVID-19 on mental health. Although social support has long been found to have a protective role on mental health, several studies indicated that social support could have differential effects, and even harmful effects on people with high negative emotionality. To understand the roles social support play, we used a longitudinal design to study potential moderators (negative emotionality [or neuroticism] and gender) in the relationship between social support and depression. For students who experienced a relational disruption, our research questions were (1) what are the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between social support and depression before and during COVID-19, and (2) are these relationships moderated by negative emotionality and gender? Participants 361 students ( M age = 23.3, 64% female) from Argentina and the USA who had experienced recent relationship breakups. Participants completed pre-pandemic questionnaires, and were followed up on depression level six months later, after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicated that social support and negative emotionality were significantly related to concurrent depression. Pre-pandemic social support showed a weak correlation with depression levels during COVID-19. Negative emotionality and gender were not significant moderators in both the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Results supported the concurrent effects of social support on depression and indicated the potential value of targeting social support during COVID-19. The study also offered several directions for future research.
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失恋后社会支持是否有益?COVID-19 期间大学生社会支持、抑郁、情绪波动和性别的调节模型
目前的研究主要关注那些最近经历过失恋的大学生,这给已经受到 COVID-19 负面影响的大学生增加了额外的压力。社会支持可以作为一种应对资源,缓解失恋和 COVID-19 对心理健康造成的负面影响。虽然社会支持一直被认为对心理健康具有保护作用,但一些研究表明,社会支持可能会对高负面情绪的人产生不同的影响,甚至是有害影响。为了了解社会支持的作用,我们采用了纵向设计来研究社会支持与抑郁之间关系的潜在调节因素(消极情绪[或神经质]和性别)。对于经历过关系中断的学生,我们的研究问题是:(1) 在 COVID-19 之前和期间,社会支持与抑郁之间的横截面和纵向关联是什么;(2) 这些关系是否受到负性情绪和性别的调节?参与者 361 名来自阿根廷和美国的学生(平均年龄 = 23.3 岁,64% 为女性),他们最近都经历过感情破裂。参与者填写了大流行前的调查问卷,并在 COVID-19 大流行开始后的 6 个月后对抑郁水平进行了跟踪调查。结果表明,社会支持和消极情绪与同时出现的抑郁有很大关系。大流行前的社会支持与 COVID-19 期间的抑郁水平相关性较弱。在横向和纵向关联中,负性情绪和性别都不是重要的调节因素。研究结果支持社会支持对抑郁的并发影响,并指出了在 COVID-19 期间针对社会支持的潜在价值。该研究还为今后的研究提供了几个方向。
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