Intergenerational transmission of familial relational dysfunction: A test of a complex mediation model based on Bowen family systems theory

Viktorija Čepukienė, Kleanthis Neophytou
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Abstract

Up to date, the systemic mechanisms that explain the intergenerational transmission of familial dysfunction remain theoretically and empirically unclear. Hence, this study examines the intergenerational transmission of relational and intrapersonal dysfunction and their collective effect on the psychological adjustment of third-generation children through the lens of Bowen family systems theory. Lithuanian parents ( N = 348; Mage = 40.66; range 26–59) of children aged six to ten years cross-sectionally reported on their differentiation of self (DoS), emotional and relational dynamics within their family-of-origin and nuclear family, and the psychological adjustment of their child of greatest concern. Structural equation modeling and mediation analyses findings offered empirical support to Bowen theory, highlighting that family-of-origin dysfunction is associated with nuclear family intrapersonal and relational dysfunction, and ultimately with third-generation’s psychological maladjustment. Results demonstrated that a poor family-of-origin emotional system appears to contribute, via triangulation processes, to reduced DoS in adult children. The reduced DoS appears to perpetuate intergenerational triangulation, and to negatively impact couple relationship and co-parenting functioning within the nuclear family. In contrast to triangulation, couple dysfunction was found to predict poorer psychological adjustment in third-generation offspring. This study advances family systems theory by (i) examining the prominent role of triangulation and DoS within the intergenerational transmission process, (ii) highlighting the potential differential impact of a negative nuclear family emotional system on children through triangulation, and (iii) clarifying the potential role of spousal relationship satisfaction and co-parenting in mediating the relationship between parental DoS and offspring’s psychological adjustment.
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家庭关系功能障碍的代际传播:基于鲍恩家庭系统理论的复杂中介模型的检验
迄今为止,解释家庭功能障碍代际传递的系统机制在理论和实证上仍不明确。因此,本研究以鲍温家庭系统理论为视角,探讨关系和人际功能障碍的代际传递及其对第三代子女心理适应的集体影响。立陶宛 6 至 10 岁儿童的父母(N = 348;Mage = 40.66;范围 26-59)横向报告了他们的自我分化(DoS)、原生家庭和核心家庭中的情感和关系动态,以及他们最关心的子女的心理适应情况。结构方程模型和中介分析结果为鲍恩理论提供了实证支持,强调原生家庭的功能障碍与核心家庭的人际和关系功能障碍相关,并最终与第三代的心理适应不良相关。研究结果表明,原生家庭情感系统不健全似乎通过三角关系过程导致成年子女的 DoS 减少。DoS 的降低似乎使代际三角关系永久化,并对核心家庭中的夫妻关系和共同养育功能产生负面影响。与三角关系形成对比的是,夫妻关系失调可预示第三代子女的心理适应能力较差。本研究通过(i)检验三角关系和 "做得不好 "在代际传递过程中的突出作用,(ii)强调消极的核心家庭情感系统通过三角关系对子女的潜在不同影响,以及(iii)阐明配偶关系满意度和共同养育在父母 "做得不好 "与子女心理适应之间的潜在中介作用,从而推进家庭系统理论。
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