Continuous flow ozonolysis of cardanol for greener synthesis of bio-based monomers

IF 2 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Flow Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI:10.1007/s41981-024-00308-1
Sphurti P. Kulkarni, Amol A. Kulkarni
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Abstract

Synthesis of bio-based monomers via continuous flow ozonolysis of cardanol using a simple tubular reactor is demonstrated. The direct ozonolysis of cardanol produces unique monomer 8-(3-hydroxyphenyl) octanal (HPOA) and heptanal along with several other oxidation products. Maximum 47% yield of HPOA with 54.3% conversion of cardanol was obtained at 0 °C in 9 s. The complete conversion of cardanol was obtained at the ozone to cardanol molar flow ratios greater than 2 at all temperatures varied in the range of -10 °C to 20 °C. Owing to large gas–liquid ratios, the mass transfer limitation for transfer of ozone from gas to liquid was negligible; however, the extent of axial dispersion in the liquid phase was significant at lower liquid flow rates. The non-ideal behavior was incorporated in the axial dispersion model to predict the conversion of cardanol. Examination of kinetic rates by both ideal plug-flow model and plug-flow with axial dispersion model revealed that the reaction is fast and is least influenced by the axial-dispersion in the reactor at prevailing operating conditions. The findings of the current study show that continuous flow technique enables a simple and safer synthesis of high-value bio-based monomers via ozonolysis of cardanol compared to traditional batch methods.

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连续流臭氧分解卡丹醇,以更环保的方式合成生物基单体
演示了利用简单的管式反应器通过连续流臭氧分解万卡醇合成生物基单体的过程。直接臭氧分解万卡醇可产生独特的单体 8-(3-羟基苯基)辛醛(HPOA)和庚醛以及其他几种氧化产物。在-10 °C至20 °C的所有温度范围内,当臭氧与卡尔德酚摩尔流量比大于2时,卡尔德酚的完全转化率为54.3%。由于气液比较大,臭氧从气体转移到液体的传质限制可以忽略不计;但是,在液体流速较低时,液相中的轴向分散程度很大。这种非理想行为被纳入轴向分散模型,以预测万卡醇的转化率。通过理想的塞流模型和带有轴向分散的塞流模型对动力学速率进行研究发现,在当前的操作条件下,反应速度很快,受反应器中轴向分散的影响最小。目前的研究结果表明,与传统的间歇式方法相比,连续流技术可通过臭氧分解卡尔德酚,简单安全地合成高价值的生物基单体。
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来源期刊
Journal of Flow Chemistry
Journal of Flow Chemistry CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
3.70%
发文量
29
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The main focus of the journal is flow chemistry in inorganic, organic, analytical and process chemistry in the academic research as well as in applied research and development in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, fine-chemical, petro- chemical, fragrance industry.
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