Evaluation of the second-life potential of the first-generation Nissan Leaf battery packs in energy storage systems

IF 15 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Etransportation Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI:10.1016/j.etran.2024.100313

Wei Gao, Zhi Cao, Naser Vosoughi Kurdkandi, Yuhong Fu, Chirs Mi

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Abstract

Nissan Leaf was the first mass-produced electric vehicles (EV) using lithium-ion batteries (LiB). Most of the first generation (Gen 1) battery packs have been retired after approximately 10 years of operation, and some of them are repurposed to build battery energy storage systems (BESS). However, the health condition of the battery packs at the time of retirement, the battery aging trajectory, and the service life in second-life application are unclear. To answer these questions, this paper conducts a comprehensive study on the retired Nissan Leaf Gen 1 batteries. First, over 100 retired battery packs were investigated to evaluate their state of health (SOH). Secondly, a battery aging test was conducted on two battery cells which completed 7380 aging cycles. Lastly, the battery aging trajectory was analyzed. The result shows that although most retired Nissan Leaf Gen 1 battery packs have only 60 %–67 % remaining capacity, they can operate 12–20 years in second life. Whole-battery-pack utilization is preferable due to good battery consistency. A retired battery pack with a cost of $1000 can generate a $16,200 value in its second life, suggesting a good return on investment (ROI).

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评估第一代日产聆风电池组在储能系统中的二次寿命潜力

日产聆风是第一款使用锂离子电池（LiB）量产的电动汽车（EV）。大多数第一代（Gen 1）电池组在运行约 10 年后已经退役，其中一些被重新用于建造电池储能系统（BESS）。然而，电池组在退役时的健康状况、电池老化轨迹以及在二次应用中的使用寿命都不清楚。为了回答这些问题，本文对退役的日产聆风 1 代电池进行了全面研究。首先，对 100 多个退役电池组进行了调查，以评估其健康状况（SOH）。其次，对完成 7380 个老化周期的两个电池单元进行了电池老化测试。最后，对电池老化轨迹进行了分析。结果表明，虽然大多数退役的日产聆风 1 代电池组的剩余容量仅为 60% 至 67%，但其第二次寿命仍可使用 12-20 年。由于电池具有良好的一致性，因此最好使用整个电池组。成本为 1000 美元的退役电池组在其第二次生命周期内可产生 16 200 美元的价值，这表明投资回报率（ROI）很高。

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来源期刊

Etransportation Engineering-Automotive Engineering

CiteScore

19.80

自引率

12.60%

发文量

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： eTransportation is a scholarly journal that aims to advance knowledge in the field of electric transportation. It focuses on all modes of transportation that utilize electricity as their primary source of energy, including electric vehicles, trains, ships, and aircraft. The journal covers all stages of research, development, and testing of new technologies, systems, and devices related to electrical transportation. The journal welcomes the use of simulation and analysis tools at the system, transport, or device level. Its primary emphasis is on the study of the electrical and electronic aspects of transportation systems. However, it also considers research on mechanical parts or subsystems of vehicles if there is a clear interaction with electrical or electronic equipment. Please note that this journal excludes other aspects such as sociological, political, regulatory, or environmental factors from its scope.