Fragmentation model integrated in a gravity flow simulator for block caving planning

IF 2.3 3区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Granular Matter Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI:10.1007/s10035-024-01396-5

Raúl Castro, René Gómez, José Castillo, Oscar Jerez

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Abstract

Rock fragment size is a key variable in several mining stages such as underground mine design, equipment selection, and mineral processing. In Block Caving, rock fragment sizes are affected by fragmentation during gravity flow in the ore column while ore is being extracted from drawpoints. Additionally, smaller fragments can percolate between large fragments during gravity flow. These two phenomena — rock fragmentation and particle percolation — are not easy to simulate at a large scale in Block Caving. In this paper, a fragmentation model in a cellular automata gravity flow simulator is proposed to model rock fragmentation during flow at large scales. The fragmentation model uses the rock strength, vertical stresses, and travel distance as inputs to estimate the rock breakage and was calibrated with experimental and mine data. The mine scale results show an error of 9% and 7% of the fragmentation in the zones evaluated. This error rate is considered low due to the variability of the phenomena involved. Then, integrating a fragmentation model into a gravity flow simulator can more realistically represent ore fragmentation in caving-mine to generate flow simulations.

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集成在重力流模拟器中的破碎模型，用于块体洞穴规划

摘要岩石破碎粒度是地下矿山设计、设备选择和矿物加工等多个采矿阶段的关键变量。在块状崩落采矿中，当矿石从引矿点开采出来时，岩石碎块的大小会受到矿柱重力流过程中碎裂的影响。此外，在重力流过程中，较小的碎块会渗入大碎块之间。这两种现象--岩石破碎和颗粒渗流--在块体洞穴开采中不易大规模模拟。本文提出了细胞自动机重力流模拟器中的碎裂模型，以模拟大尺度流动过程中的岩石碎裂。破碎模型使用岩石强度、垂直应力和移动距离作为输入来估算岩石破碎，并用实验数据和矿山数据进行了校准。矿山规模的结果显示，所评估区域的破碎率误差分别为 9% 和 7%。由于所涉及现象的可变性，这一误差率被认为是较低的。因此，将破碎模型集成到重力流模拟器中，可以更真实地反映矿石在崩落采矿中的破碎情况，从而生成流动模拟。

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来源期刊

Granular Matter Materials Science-General Materials Science

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

8.30%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Although many phenomena observed in granular materials are still not yet fully understood, important contributions have been made to further our understanding using modern tools from statistical mechanics, micro-mechanics, and computational science. These modern tools apply to disordered systems, phase transitions, instabilities or intermittent behavior and the performance of discrete particle simulations. >> Until now, however, many of these results were only to be found scattered throughout the literature. Physicists are often unaware of the theories and results published by engineers or other fields - and vice versa. The journal Granular Matter thus serves as an interdisciplinary platform of communication among researchers of various disciplines who are involved in the basic research on granular media. It helps to establish a common language and gather articles under one single roof that up to now have been spread over many journals in a variety of fields. Notwithstanding, highly applied or technical work is beyond the scope of this journal.