The discovery and global distribution of hyperaccumulator plants: A personal account

IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Ecological Research Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI:10.1111/1440-1703.12444
Roger D. Reeves
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Abstract

An instance of extreme accumulation of Zn by a plant species was found in the 19th century, and observations of unusually high concentrations of other elements (Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb, As, Se) were recorded between the 1920s and 1970s. Of relevance to the study of ultramafic areas and their floras is the occurrence of extreme Ni accumulation. The term “hyperaccumulator” was introduced in 1976 to signify a species exhibiting a concentration that can be hundreds or thousands of times greater than that usually found in plants on most common soils. Concentration criteria that allow a species to be regarded as a hyperaccumulator have been defined and refined from time to time. The following account details my own involvement in the discovery of new examples of metal hyperaccumulation, with particular emphasis on Ni accumulation by plants of ultramafic floras worldwide. The interest in hyperaccumulators has prompted investigations into different aspects of the biota of metalliferous soils. The search for new examples of hyperaccumulation continues, aided in part by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence scanning of herbarium specimens, which previously served as a resource providing small fragments for sensitive but destructive analysis. Identification of species as hyperaccumulators must be supported by further field exploration to understand the factors governing the level of metal uptake, and to stimulate further work on plant systematics, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. Applications to phytoremediation and agromining are worth pursuing in some cases. Conservation issues are important because many hyperaccumulators are rare and restricted in their distribution.

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高积累植物的发现和全球分布:个人经历
19 世纪发现了一种植物物种锌极度积累的情况,20 世纪 20 年代至 70 年代期间还观察到其他元素(铜、钴、镍、镉、铅、砷、硒)异常高浓度的情况。与超基性岩地区及其植物研究相关的是镍的极度积累。1976 年出现了 "超积累者"(hyperaccumulator)一词,指的是浓度比大多数普通土壤中植物的浓度高出数百或数千倍的物种。允许将某一物种视为超积累动物的浓度标准一直在不断定义和完善。下文将详细介绍我本人参与发现金属超积累新实例的情况,其中特别强调世界各地超基性岩植物的镍积累情况。对超积累植物的兴趣促使我们对含金属土壤生物区系的不同方面进行研究。对标本馆标本进行非破坏性 X 射线荧光扫描在一定程度上帮助了人们继续寻找超积累的新实例。在确定超积累物种的同时,还必须进行进一步的实地探索,以了解影响金属吸收水平的因素,并促进植物系统学、生物化学、遗传学和分子生物学方面的进一步研究。在某些情况下,植物修复和农用采矿方面的应用也值得研究。保护问题非常重要,因为许多高积累植物非常罕见,分布范围有限。
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来源期刊
Ecological Research
Ecological Research 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
5.00%
发文量
87
审稿时长
5.6 months
期刊介绍: Ecological Research has been published in English by the Ecological Society of Japan since 1986. Ecological Research publishes original papers on all aspects of ecology, in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
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