The selected agrotechnical factors affecting the occurrence of black grass Alopecurus myosuroides in winter wheat crops in north-western Poland

Mariola Wróbel, A. Jaroszewska, C. Podsiadło, M. Sobolewska
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Abstract

Alopecurus myosuroides of the family Poaceae is a highly competitive species for winter cereal crops, particularly for barley and wheat, less frequently for root vegetables or rapeseed. This study aimed to determine the predominant factor or group of factors affecting the cover of A. myosuroides in winter wheat field depending on the tillage systems, time, and amounts of herbicides used. The following variables differentiating the quantitative contribution of A. myosuroides in the analyzed fields were assumed: plough or no-plough tillage, date of biocidal application, and the total amount of herbicides (active substances) used. When spring-only herbicide was applied, the lowest A. myosuroides cover, not exceeding 25%, was observed in the margins of winter wheat fields. The coverage of A. myosuroides, reaching 25–100% of the winter wheat area, regardless of the tillage system, was found when the herbicides from the group of sulfonylurea derivatives (acetolactate synthase ALS inhibitors) were frequently used. Winter wheat infestation with A. myosuroides was significantly lower when ploughing was applied. The highest cover of A. myosuroides, reaching 50–100% of the area, was observed only in the central part of the analyzed winter wheat fields, following the application of herbicides in autumn and spring or in autumn only.
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影响波兰西北部冬小麦作物中黑草发生的选定农业技术因素
菊科草履蚧对冬季谷类作物具有很强的竞争性,尤其是对大麦和小麦,对根茎类蔬菜或油菜则较少。本研究的目的是根据耕作制度、时间和除草剂的使用量,确定影响冬小麦田中糠蒌草(A. myosuroides)覆盖率的主要因素或因素群。假定下列变量会对所分析田块中的肌黑穗病菌的数量贡献产生不同影响:犁耕或免耕、施用生物杀灭剂的日期以及除草剂(活性物质)的总用量。在只施用春季除草剂的情况下,冬小麦田边缘的肌黑穗病菌(A. myosuroides)覆盖率最低,不超过 25%。当经常使用磺酰脲类衍生物(乙酰乳酸合成酶 ALS 抑制剂)除草剂时,无论采用哪种耕作制度,肌红蛋白的覆盖率都能达到冬小麦面积的 25%-100%。采用犁耕法时,冬小麦的糠虾矢车菊(A. myosuroides)侵染率明显降低。只有在秋季和春季或仅在秋季施用除草剂后,在分析的冬小麦田中部才能观察到最高的肌黑穗病(A. myosuroides)覆盖率,达到面积的 50-100%。
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Kondycja finansowa kół łowieckich na tle zobowiązań z tytułu szkód w uprawach i płodach rolnych The selected agrotechnical factors affecting the occurrence of black grass Alopecurus myosuroides in winter wheat crops in north-western Poland The proportion of components in field pea and spring triticale mixtures and harvest stage affect crude fiber content and forage digestibility Wielkość i jakość plonu niełupek słonecznika w zależności od typu odmiany Opłacalność produkcji roślinnej na przykładzie indywidualnego gospodarstwa rolnego
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