Sensory approaches for adults with severe or profound and multiple learning disabilities: A systematic literature review

Abstract

Sensory approaches are often used by Occupational Therapists working with clients with a severe or profound and multiple learning disabilities (SLD/PMLD). The aims of this review were to synthesise the outcomes of sensory approaches for adults with an SLD/PMLD and describe the key intervention components. A mixed methods literature review of three databases was completed to identify studies where sensory approaches were used for clients with an SLD/PMLD. Peer-reviewed research articles published between January 1990 and April 2021 were included. Data quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A convergent-segregated approach to synthesis was taken, including thematic analysis of qualitative data and a narrative review of quantitative data. Eighteen studies were included. Positive outcomes were reductions in challenging behaviour, stress and improved engagement, attention and communication. Three themes emerged, suggesting important components of sensory approaches for clients with an SLD/PMLD: matching sensory stimuli to the needs of the individual, sensory integration therapists and caregivers as facilitators and increased intervention duration and frequency. Evidence suggests that sensory approaches support positive social, emotional and cognitive outcomes for individuals with an SLD/PMLD. Essential features of sensory approaches for this client group are sensitive use of sensory stimuli, skilled facilitators and more intensive intervention protocols.